package C4::Record; # # Copyright 2006 (C) LibLime # Joshua Ferraro # # This file is part of Koha. # # Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the # terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software # Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later # version. # # Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY # WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along # with Koha; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. # # use strict; #use warnings; FIXME - Bug 2505 # please specify in which methods a given module is used use MARC::Record; # marc2marcxml, marcxml2marc, html2marc, changeEncoding use MARC::File::XML; # marc2marcxml, marcxml2marc, html2marcxml, changeEncoding use MARC::Crosswalk::DublinCore; # marc2dcxml use Biblio::EndnoteStyle; use Unicode::Normalize; # _entity_encode use XML::LibXSLT; use XML::LibXML; use C4::Biblio; #marc2bibtex use C4::Csv; #marc2csv use C4::Koha; #marc2csv use YAML; #marcrecords2csv use Text::CSV::Encoded; #marc2csv use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT); # set the version for version checking $VERSION = 3.00; @ISA = qw(Exporter); # only export API methods @EXPORT = qw( &marc2endnote &marc2marc &marc2marcxml &marcxml2marc &marc2dcxml &marc2modsxml &marc2bibtex &marc2csv &html2marcxml &html2marc &changeEncoding ); =head1 NAME C4::Record - MARC, MARCXML, DC, MODS, XML, etc. Record Management Functions and API =head1 SYNOPSIS New in Koha 3.x. This module handles all record-related management functions. =head1 API (EXPORTED FUNCTIONS) =head2 marc2marc - Convert from one flavour of ISO-2709 to another =over 4 my ($error,$newmarc) = marc2marc($marc,$to_flavour,$from_flavour,$encoding); Returns an ISO-2709 scalar =back =cut sub marc2marc { my ($marc,$to_flavour,$from_flavour,$encoding) = @_; my $error = "Feature not yet implemented\n"; return ($error,$marc); } =head2 marc2marcxml - Convert from ISO-2709 to MARCXML =over 4 my ($error,$marcxml) = marc2marcxml($marc,$encoding,$flavour); Returns a MARCXML scalar =over 2 C<$marc> - an ISO-2709 scalar or MARC::Record object C<$encoding> - UTF-8 or MARC-8 [UTF-8] C<$flavour> - MARC21 or UNIMARC C<$dont_entity_encode> - a flag that instructs marc2marcxml not to entity encode the xml before returning (optional) =back =back =cut sub marc2marcxml { my ($marc,$encoding,$flavour,$dont_entity_encode) = @_; my $error; # the error string my $marcxml; # the final MARCXML scalar # test if it's already a MARC::Record object, if not, make it one my $marc_record_obj; if ($marc =~ /^MARC::Record/) { # it's already a MARC::Record object $marc_record_obj = $marc; } else { # it's not a MARC::Record object, make it one eval { $marc_record_obj = MARC::Record->new_from_usmarc($marc) }; # handle exceptions # conversion to MARC::Record object failed, populate $error if ($@) { $error .="\nCreation of MARC::Record object failed: ".$MARC::File::ERROR }; } # only proceed if no errors so far unless ($error) { # check the record for warnings my @warnings = $marc_record_obj->warnings(); if (@warnings) { warn "\nWarnings encountered while processing ISO-2709 record with title \"".$marc_record_obj->title()."\":\n"; foreach my $warn (@warnings) { warn "\t".$warn }; } unless($encoding) {$encoding = "UTF-8"}; # set default encoding unless($flavour) {$flavour = C4::Context->preference("marcflavour")}; # set default MARC flavour # attempt to convert the record to MARCXML eval { $marcxml = $marc_record_obj->as_xml_record($flavour) }; #handle exceptions # record creation failed, populate $error if ($@) { $error .= "Creation of MARCXML failed:".$MARC::File::ERROR; $error .= "Additional information:\n"; my @warnings = $@->warnings(); foreach my $warn (@warnings) { $error.=$warn."\n" }; # record creation was successful } else { # check the record for warning flags again (warnings() will be cleared already if there was an error, see above block @warnings = $marc_record_obj->warnings(); if (@warnings) { warn "\nWarnings encountered while processing ISO-2709 record with title \"".$marc_record_obj->title()."\":\n"; foreach my $warn (@warnings) { warn "\t".$warn }; } } # only proceed if no errors so far unless ($error) { # entity encode the XML unless instructed not to unless ($dont_entity_encode) { my ($marcxml_entity_encoded) = _entity_encode($marcxml); $marcxml = $marcxml_entity_encoded; } } } # return result to calling program return ($error,$marcxml); } =head2 marcxml2marc - Convert from MARCXML to ISO-2709 =over 4 my ($error,$marc) = marcxml2marc($marcxml,$encoding,$flavour); Returns an ISO-2709 scalar =over 2 C<$marcxml> - a MARCXML record C<$encoding> - UTF-8 or MARC-8 [UTF-8] C<$flavour> - MARC21 or UNIMARC =back =back =cut sub marcxml2marc { my ($marcxml,$encoding,$flavour) = @_; my $error; # the error string my $marc; # the final ISO-2709 scalar unless($encoding) {$encoding = "UTF-8"}; # set the default encoding unless($flavour) {$flavour = C4::Context->preference("marcflavour")}; # set the default MARC flavour # attempt to do the conversion eval { $marc = MARC::Record->new_from_xml($marcxml,$encoding,$flavour) }; # handle exceptions # record creation failed, populate $error if ($@) {$error .="\nCreation of MARCXML Record failed: ".$@; $error.=$MARC::File::ERROR if ($MARC::File::ERROR); }; # return result to calling program return ($error,$marc); } =head2 marc2dcxml - Convert from ISO-2709 to Dublin Core =over 4 my ($error,$dcxml) = marc2dcxml($marc,$qualified); Returns a DublinCore::Record object, will eventually return a Dublin Core scalar FIXME: should return actual XML, not just an object =over 2 C<$marc> - an ISO-2709 scalar or MARC::Record object C<$qualified> - specify whether qualified Dublin Core should be used in the input or output [0] =back =back =cut sub marc2dcxml { my ($marc,$qualified) = @_; my $error; # test if it's already a MARC::Record object, if not, make it one my $marc_record_obj; if ($marc =~ /^MARC::Record/) { # it's already a MARC::Record object $marc_record_obj = $marc; } else { # it's not a MARC::Record object, make it one eval { $marc_record_obj = MARC::Record->new_from_usmarc($marc) }; # handle exceptions # conversion to MARC::Record object failed, populate $error if ($@) { $error .="\nCreation of MARC::Record object failed: ".$MARC::File::ERROR; } } my $crosswalk = MARC::Crosswalk::DublinCore->new; if ($qualified) { $crosswalk = MARC::Crosswalk::DublinCore->new( qualified => 1 ); } my $dcxml = $crosswalk->as_dublincore($marc_record_obj); my $dcxmlfinal = "\n"; $dcxmlfinal .= ""; foreach my $element ( $dcxml->elements() ) { $dcxmlfinal.="<"."dc:".$element->name().">".$element->content()."name().">\n"; } $dcxmlfinal .= "\n"; return ($error,$dcxmlfinal); } =head2 marc2modsxml - Convert from ISO-2709 to MODS =over 4 my ($error,$modsxml) = marc2modsxml($marc); Returns a MODS scalar =back =cut sub marc2modsxml { my ($marc) = @_; # grab the XML, run it through our stylesheet, push it out to the browser my $xmlrecord = marc2marcxml($marc); my $xslfile = C4::Context->config('intrahtdocs')."/prog/en/xslt/MARC21slim2MODS3-1.xsl"; my $parser = XML::LibXML->new(); my $xslt = XML::LibXSLT->new(); my $source = $parser->parse_string($xmlrecord); my $style_doc = $parser->parse_file($xslfile); my $stylesheet = $xslt->parse_stylesheet($style_doc); my $results = $stylesheet->transform($source); my $newxmlrecord = $stylesheet->output_string($results); return ($newxmlrecord); } sub marc2endnote { my ($marc) = @_; my $marc_rec_obj = MARC::Record->new_from_usmarc($marc); my $f260 = $marc_rec_obj->field('260'); my $f260a = $f260->subfield('a') if $f260; my $f710 = $marc_rec_obj->field('710'); my $f710a = $f710->subfield('a') if $f710; my $f500 = $marc_rec_obj->field('500'); my $abstract = $f500->subfield('a') if $f500; my $fields = { DB => C4::Context->preference("LibraryName"), Title => $marc_rec_obj->title(), Author => $marc_rec_obj->author(), Publisher => $f710a, City => $f260a, Year => $marc_rec_obj->publication_date, Abstract => $abstract, }; my $endnote; my $style = new Biblio::EndnoteStyle(); my $template; $template.= "DB - DB\n" if C4::Context->preference("LibraryName"); $template.="T1 - Title\n" if $marc_rec_obj->title(); $template.="A1 - Author\n" if $marc_rec_obj->author(); $template.="PB - Publisher\n" if $f710a; $template.="CY - City\n" if $f260a; $template.="Y1 - Year\n" if $marc_rec_obj->publication_date; $template.="AB - Abstract\n" if $abstract; my ($text, $errmsg) = $style->format($template, $fields); return ($text); } =head2 marc2csv - Convert several records from UNIMARC to CSV Pre and postprocessing can be done through a YAML file =over 4 my ($csv) = marc2csv($biblios, $csvprofileid); Returns a CSV scalar =over 2 C<$biblio> - a list of biblionumbers C<$csvprofileid> - the id of the CSV profile to use for the export (see export_format.export_format_id and the GetCsvProfiles function in C4::Csv) =back =back =cut sub marc2csv { my ($biblios, $id) = @_; my $output; my $csv = Text::CSV::Encoded->new(); # Getting yaml file my $configfile = "../tools/csv-profiles/$id.yaml"; my ($preprocess, $postprocess, $fieldprocessing); if (-e $configfile){ ($preprocess,$postprocess, $fieldprocessing) = YAML::LoadFile($configfile); } warn $fieldprocessing; # Preprocessing eval $preprocess if ($preprocess); my $firstpass = 1; foreach my $biblio (@$biblios) { $output .= marcrecord2csv($biblio, $id, $firstpass, $csv, $fieldprocessing) ; $firstpass = 0; } # Postprocessing eval $postprocess if ($postprocess); return $output; } =head2 marcrecord2csv - Convert a single record from UNIMARC to CSV =over 4 my ($csv) = marcrecord2csv($biblio, $csvprofileid, $header); Returns a CSV scalar =over 2 C<$biblio> - a biblionumber C<$csvprofileid> - the id of the CSV profile to use for the export (see export_format.export_format_id and the GetCsvProfiles function in C4::Csv) C<$header> - true if the headers are to be printed (typically at first pass) C<$csv> - an already initialised Text::CSV object =back =back =cut sub marcrecord2csv { my ($biblio, $id, $header, $csv, $fieldprocessing) = @_; my $output; # Getting the record my $record = GetMarcBiblio($biblio); # Getting the framework my $frameworkcode = GetFrameworkCode($biblio); # Getting information about the csv profile my $profile = GetCsvProfile($id); # Getting output encoding my $encoding = $profile->{encoding} || 'utf8'; # Getting separators my $csvseparator = $profile->{csv_separator} || ','; my $fieldseparator = $profile->{field_separator} || '#'; my $subfieldseparator = $profile->{subfield_separator} || '|'; # TODO: Be more generic (in case we have to handle other protected chars or more separators) if ($csvseparator eq '\t') { $csvseparator = "\t" } if ($fieldseparator eq '\t') { $fieldseparator = "\t" } if ($subfieldseparator eq '\t') { $subfieldseparator = "\t" } if ($csvseparator eq '\n') { $csvseparator = "\n" } if ($fieldseparator eq '\n') { $fieldseparator = "\n" } if ($subfieldseparator eq '\n') { $subfieldseparator = "\n" } $csv = $csv->encoding_out($encoding) ; $csv->sep_char($csvseparator); # Getting the marcfields my $marcfieldslist = $profile->{marcfields}; # Getting the marcfields as an array my @marcfieldsarray = split('\|', $marcfieldslist); # Separating the marcfields from the the user-supplied headers my @marcfields; foreach (@marcfieldsarray) { my @result = split('=', $_); if (scalar(@result) == 2) { push @marcfields, { header => $result[0], field => $result[1] }; } else { push @marcfields, { field => $result[0] } } } # If we have to insert the headers if ($header) { my @marcfieldsheaders; my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh; # For each field or subfield foreach (@marcfields) { my $field = $_->{field}; # If we have a user-supplied header, we use it if (exists $_->{header}) { push @marcfieldsheaders, $_->{header}; } else { # If not, we get the matching tag name from koha if (index($field, '$') > 0) { my ($fieldtag, $subfieldtag) = split('\$', $field); my $query = "SELECT liblibrarian FROM marc_subfield_structure WHERE tagfield=? AND tagsubfield=?"; my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query); $sth->execute($fieldtag, $subfieldtag); my @results = $sth->fetchrow_array(); push @marcfieldsheaders, $results[0]; } else { my $query = "SELECT liblibrarian FROM marc_tag_structure WHERE tagfield=?"; my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query); $sth->execute($field); my @results = $sth->fetchrow_array(); push @marcfieldsheaders, $results[0]; } } } $csv->combine(@marcfieldsheaders); $output = $csv->string() . "\n"; } # For each marcfield to export my @fieldstab; foreach (@marcfields) { my $marcfield = $_->{field}; # If it is a subfield if (index($marcfield, '$') > 0) { my ($fieldtag, $subfieldtag) = split('\$', $marcfield); my @fields = $record->field($fieldtag); my @tmpfields; # For each field foreach my $field (@fields) { # We take every matching subfield my @subfields = $field->subfield($subfieldtag); foreach my $subfield (@subfields) { # Getting authorised value my $authvalues = GetKohaAuthorisedValuesFromField($fieldtag, $subfieldtag, $frameworkcode, undef); push @tmpfields, (defined $authvalues->{$subfield}) ? $authvalues->{$subfield} : $subfield; } } push (@fieldstab, join($subfieldseparator, @tmpfields)); # Or a field } else { my @fields = ($record->field($marcfield)); my $authvalues = GetKohaAuthorisedValuesFromField($marcfield, undef, $frameworkcode, undef); my @valuesarray; foreach (@fields) { my $value; # Getting authorised value $value = defined $authvalues->{$_->as_string} ? $authvalues->{$_->as_string} : $_->as_string; # Field processing eval $fieldprocessing if ($fieldprocessing); push @valuesarray, $value; } push (@fieldstab, join($fieldseparator, @valuesarray)); } }; $csv->combine(@fieldstab); $output .= $csv->string() . "\n"; return $output; } =head2 html2marcxml =over 4 my ($error,$marcxml) = html2marcxml($tags,$subfields,$values,$indicator,$ind_tag); Returns a MARCXML scalar this is used in addbiblio.pl and additem.pl to build the MARCXML record from the form submission. FIXME: this could use some better code documentation =back =cut sub html2marcxml { my ($tags,$subfields,$values,$indicator,$ind_tag) = @_; my $error; # add the header info my $marcxml= MARC::File::XML::header(C4::Context->preference('TemplateEncoding'),C4::Context->preference('marcflavour')); # some flags used to figure out where in the record we are my $prevvalue; my $prevtag=-1; my $first=1; my $j = -1; # handle characters that would cause the parser to choke FIXME: is there a more elegant solution? for (my $i=0;$i<=@$tags;$i++){ @$values[$i] =~ s/&/&/g; @$values[$i] =~ s//>/g; @$values[$i] =~ s/"/"/g; @$values[$i] =~ s/'/'/g; if ((@$tags[$i] ne $prevtag)){ $j++ unless (@$tags[$i] eq ""); #warn "IND:".substr(@$indicator[$j],0,1).substr(@$indicator[$j],1,1)." ".@$tags[$i]; if (!$first){ $marcxml.="\n"; if ((@$tags[$i] > 10) && (@$values[$i] ne "")){ my $ind1 = substr(@$indicator[$j],0,1); my $ind2 = substr(@$indicator[$j],1,1); $marcxml.="\n"; $marcxml.="@$values[$i]\n"; $first=0; } else { $first=1; } } else { if (@$values[$i] ne "") { # handle the leader if (@$tags[$i] eq "000") { $marcxml.="@$values[$i]\n"; $first=1; # rest of the fixed fields } elsif (@$tags[$i] lt '010') { # don't compare numerically 010 == 8 $marcxml.="@$values[$i]\n"; $first=1; } else { my $ind1 = substr(@$indicator[$j],0,1); my $ind2 = substr(@$indicator[$j],1,1); $marcxml.="\n"; $marcxml.="@$values[$i]\n"; $first=0; } } } } else { # @$tags[$i] eq $prevtag if (@$values[$i] eq "") { } else { if ($first){ my $ind1 = substr(@$indicator[$j],0,1); my $ind2 = substr(@$indicator[$j],1,1); $marcxml.="\n"; $first=0; } $marcxml.="@$values[$i]\n"; } } $prevtag = @$tags[$i]; } $marcxml.= MARC::File::XML::footer(); #warn $marcxml; return ($error,$marcxml); } =head2 html2marc =over 4 Probably best to avoid using this ... it has some rather striking problems: =over 2 * saves blank subfields * subfield order is hardcoded to always start with 'a' for repeatable tags (because it is hardcoded in the addfield routine). * only possible to specify one set of indicators for each set of tags (ie, one for all the 650s). (because they were stored in a hash with the tag as the key). * the underlying routines didn't support subfield reordering or subfield repeatability. =back I've left it in here because it could be useful if someone took the time to fix it. -- kados =back =cut sub html2marc { my ($dbh,$rtags,$rsubfields,$rvalues,%indicators) = @_; my $prevtag = -1; my $record = MARC::Record->new(); # my %subfieldlist=(); my $prevvalue; # if tag <10 my $field; # if tag >=10 for (my $i=0; $i< @$rtags; $i++) { # rebuild MARC::Record # warn "0=>".@$rtags[$i].@$rsubfields[$i]." = ".@$rvalues[$i].": "; if (@$rtags[$i] ne $prevtag) { if ($prevtag < 10) { if ($prevvalue) { if (($prevtag ne '000') && ($prevvalue ne "")) { $record->add_fields((sprintf "%03s",$prevtag),$prevvalue); } elsif ($prevvalue ne ""){ $record->leader($prevvalue); } } } else { if (($field) && ($field ne "")) { $record->add_fields($field); } } $indicators{@$rtags[$i]}.=' '; # skip blank tags, I hope this works if (@$rtags[$i] eq ''){ $prevtag = @$rtags[$i]; undef $field; next; } if (@$rtags[$i] <10) { $prevvalue= @$rvalues[$i]; undef $field; } else { undef $prevvalue; if (@$rvalues[$i] eq "") { undef $field; } else { $field = MARC::Field->new( (sprintf "%03s",@$rtags[$i]), substr($indicators{@$rtags[$i]},0,1),substr($indicators{@$rtags[$i]},1,1), @$rsubfields[$i] => @$rvalues[$i]); } # warn "1=>".@$rtags[$i].@$rsubfields[$i]." = ".@$rvalues[$i].": ".$field->as_formatted; } $prevtag = @$rtags[$i]; } else { if (@$rtags[$i] <10) { $prevvalue=@$rvalues[$i]; } else { if (length(@$rvalues[$i])>0) { $field->add_subfields(@$rsubfields[$i] => @$rvalues[$i]); # warn "2=>".@$rtags[$i].@$rsubfields[$i]." = ".@$rvalues[$i].": ".$field->as_formatted; } } $prevtag= @$rtags[$i]; } } #} # the last has not been included inside the loop... do it now ! #use Data::Dumper; #warn Dumper($field->{_subfields}); $record->add_fields($field) if (($field) && $field ne ""); #warn "HTML2MARC=".$record->as_formatted; return $record; } =head2 changeEncoding - Change the encoding of a record =over 4 my ($error, $newrecord) = changeEncoding($record,$format,$flavour,$to_encoding,$from_encoding); Changes the encoding of a record =over 2 C<$record> - the record itself can be in ISO-2709, a MARC::Record object, or MARCXML for now (required) C<$format> - MARC or MARCXML (required) C<$flavour> - MARC21 or UNIMARC, if MARC21, it will change the leader (optional) [defaults to Koha system preference] C<$to_encoding> - the encoding you want the record to end up in (optional) [UTF-8] C<$from_encoding> - the encoding the record is currently in (optional, it will probably be able to tell unless there's a problem with the record) =back FIXME: the from_encoding doesn't work yet FIXME: better handling for UNIMARC, it should allow management of 100 field FIXME: shouldn't have to convert to and from xml/marc just to change encoding someone needs to re-write MARC::Record's 'encoding' method to actually alter the encoding rather than just changing the leader =back =cut sub changeEncoding { my ($record,$format,$flavour,$to_encoding,$from_encoding) = @_; my $newrecord; my $error; unless($flavour) {$flavour = C4::Context->preference("marcflavour")}; unless($to_encoding) {$to_encoding = "UTF-8"}; # ISO-2709 Record (MARC21 or UNIMARC) if (lc($format) =~ /^marc$/o) { # if we're converting encoding of an ISO2709 file, we need to roundtrip through XML # because MARC::Record doesn't directly provide us with an encoding method # It's definitely less than idea and should be fixed eventually - kados my $marcxml; # temporary storage of MARCXML scalar ($error,$marcxml) = marc2marcxml($record,$to_encoding,$flavour); unless ($error) { ($error,$newrecord) = marcxml2marc($marcxml,$to_encoding,$flavour); } # MARCXML Record } elsif (lc($format) =~ /^marcxml$/o) { # MARCXML Record my $marc; ($error,$marc) = marcxml2marc($record,$to_encoding,$flavour); unless ($error) { ($error,$newrecord) = marc2marcxml($record,$to_encoding,$flavour); } } else { $error.="Unsupported record format:".$format; } return ($error,$newrecord); } =head2 marc2bibtex - Convert from MARC21 and UNIMARC to BibTex =over 4 my ($bibtex) = marc2bibtex($record, $id); Returns a BibTex scalar =over 2 C<$record> - a MARC::Record object C<$id> - an id for the BibTex record (might be the biblionumber) =back =back =cut sub marc2bibtex { my ($record, $id) = @_; my $tex; # Authors my $marcauthors = GetMarcAuthors($record,C4::Context->preference("marcflavour")); my $author; for my $authors ( map { map { @$_ } values %$_ } @$marcauthors ) { $author .= " and " if ($author && $$authors{value}); $author .= $$authors{value} if ($$authors{value}); } # Defining the conversion hash according to the marcflavour my %bh; if (C4::Context->preference("marcflavour") eq "UNIMARC") { # FIXME, TODO : handle repeatable fields # TODO : handle more types of documents # Unimarc to bibtex hash %bh = ( # Mandatory author => $author, title => $record->subfield("200", "a") || "", editor => $record->subfield("210", "g") || "", publisher => $record->subfield("210", "c") || "", year => $record->subfield("210", "d") || $record->subfield("210", "h") || "", # Optional volume => $record->subfield("200", "v") || "", series => $record->subfield("225", "a") || "", address => $record->subfield("210", "a") || "", edition => $record->subfield("205", "a") || "", note => $record->subfield("300", "a") || "", url => $record->subfield("856", "u") || "" ); } else { # Marc21 to bibtex hash %bh = ( # Mandatory author => $author, title => $record->subfield("245", "a") || "", editor => $record->subfield("260", "f") || "", publisher => $record->subfield("260", "b") || "", year => $record->subfield("260", "c") || $record->subfield("260", "g") || "", # Optional # unimarc to marc21 specification says not to convert 200$v to marc21 series => $record->subfield("490", "a") || "", address => $record->subfield("260", "a") || "", edition => $record->subfield("250", "a") || "", note => $record->subfield("500", "a") || "", url => $record->subfield("856", "u") || "" ); } $tex .= "\@book{"; $tex .= join(",\n", $id, map { $bh{$_} ? qq(\t$_ = "$bh{$_}") : () } keys %bh); $tex .= "\n}\n"; return $tex; } =head1 INTERNAL FUNCTIONS =head2 _entity_encode - Entity-encode an array of strings =over 4 my ($entity_encoded_string) = _entity_encode($string); or my (@entity_encoded_strings) = _entity_encode(@strings); Entity-encode an array of strings =back =cut sub _entity_encode { my @strings = @_; my @strings_entity_encoded; foreach my $string (@strings) { my $nfc_string = NFC($string); $nfc_string =~ s/([\x{0080}-\x{fffd}])/sprintf('&#x%X;',ord($1))/sgoe; push @strings_entity_encoded, $nfc_string; } return @strings_entity_encoded; } END { } # module clean-up code here (global destructor) 1; __END__ =head1 AUTHOR Joshua Ferraro =head1 MODIFICATIONS =cut