Koha/C4/Matcher.pm
J. David Bavousett 13cce1b3c5 Modifications to C4/Matcher for colon and ending punctuation
Recommended by Michele Maenpaa, this adds handling colon and end-punctuation stripping
in subroutine _normalize, and fixes length testing in subroutine _get_match_keys

Signed-off-by: Galen Charlton <galen.charlton@liblime.com>
2009-04-03 19:10:49 -05:00

841 lines
24 KiB
Perl

package C4::Matcher;
# Copyright (C) 2007 LibLime
#
# This file is part of Koha.
#
# Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
# Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
# version.
#
# Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
# Koha; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place,
# Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
use strict;
use C4::Context;
use MARC::Record;
use C4::Search;
use C4::Biblio;
use vars qw($VERSION);
BEGIN {
# set the version for version checking
$VERSION = 3.01;
}
=head1 NAME
C4::Matcher - find MARC records matching another one
=head1 SYNOPSIS
=over 4
my @matchers = C4::Matcher::GetMatcherList();
my $matcher = C4::Matcher->new($record_type);
$matcher->threshold($threshold);
$matcher->code($code);
$matcher->description($description);
$matcher->add_simple_matchpoint('isbn', 1000, '020', 'a', -1, 0, '');
$matcher->add_simple_matchpoint('Date', 1000, '008', '', 7, 4, '');
$matcher->add_matchpoint('isbn', 1000, [ { tag => '020', subfields => 'a', norms => [] } ]);
$matcher->add_simple_required_check('245', 'a', -1, 0, '', '245', 'a', -1, 0, '');
$matcher->add_required_check([ { tag => '245', subfields => 'a', norms => [] } ],
[ { tag => '245', subfields => 'a', norms => [] } ]);
my @matches = $matcher->get_matches($marc_record, $max_matches);
foreach $match (@matches) {
# matches already sorted in order of
# decreasing score
print "record ID: $match->{'record_id'};
print "score: $match->{'score'};
}
my $matcher_description = $matcher->dump();
=back
=head1 FUNCTIONS
=cut
=head2 GetMatcherList
=over 4
my @matchers = C4::Matcher::GetMatcherList();
=back
Returns an array of hashrefs list all matchers
present in the database. Each hashref includes:
matcher_id
code
description
=cut
sub GetMatcherList {
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
my $sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("SELECT matcher_id, code, description FROM marc_matchers ORDER BY matcher_id");
$sth->execute();
my @results = ();
while (my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref) {
push @results, $row;
}
return @results;
}
=head1 METHODS
=cut
=head2 new
=over 4
my $matcher = C4::Matcher->new($record_type, $threshold);
=back
Creates a new Matcher. C<$record_type> indicates which search
database to use, e.g., 'biblio' or 'authority' and defaults to
'biblio', while C<$threshold> is the minimum score required for a match
and defaults to 1000.
=cut
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my $self = {};
$self->{'id'} = undef;
if ($#_ > -1) {
$self->{'record_type'} = shift;
} else {
$self->{'record_type'} = 'biblio';
}
if ($#_ > -1) {
$self->{'threshold'} = shift;
} else {
$self->{'threshold'} = 1000;
}
$self->{'code'} = '';
$self->{'description'} = '';
$self->{'matchpoints'} = [];
$self->{'required_checks'} = [];
bless $self, $class;
return $self;
}
=head2 fetch
=over 4
my $matcher = C4::Matcher->fetch($id);
=back
Creates a matcher object from the version stored
in the database. If a matcher with the given
id does not exist, returns undef.
=cut
sub fetch {
my $class = shift;
my $id = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh();
my $sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM marc_matchers WHERE matcher_id = ?");
$sth->execute($id);
my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref;
$sth->finish();
return undef unless defined $row;
my $self = {};
$self->{'id'} = $row->{'matcher_id'};
$self->{'record_type'} = $row->{'record_type'};
$self->{'code'} = $row->{'code'};
$self->{'description'} = $row->{'description'};
$self->{'threshold'} = int($row->{'threshold'});
bless $self, $class;
# matchpoints
$self->{'matchpoints'} = [];
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM matcher_matchpoints WHERE matcher_id = ? ORDER BY matchpoint_id");
$sth->execute($self->{'id'});
while (my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref) {
my $matchpoint = $self->_fetch_matchpoint($row->{'matchpoint_id'});
push @{ $self->{'matchpoints'} }, $matchpoint;
}
# required checks
$self->{'required_checks'} = [];
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM matchchecks WHERE matcher_id = ? ORDER BY matchcheck_id");
$sth->execute($self->{'id'});
while (my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref) {
my $source_matchpoint = $self->_fetch_matchpoint($row->{'source_matchpoint_id'});
my $target_matchpoint = $self->_fetch_matchpoint($row->{'target_matchpoint_id'});
my $matchcheck = {};
$matchcheck->{'source_matchpoint'} = $source_matchpoint;
$matchcheck->{'target_matchpoint'} = $target_matchpoint;
push @{ $self->{'required_checks'} }, $matchcheck;
}
return $self;
}
sub _fetch_matchpoint {
my $self = shift;
my $matchpoint_id = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
my $sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM matchpoints WHERE matchpoint_id = ?");
$sth->execute($matchpoint_id);
my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref;
my $matchpoint = {};
$matchpoint->{'index'} = $row->{'search_index'};
$matchpoint->{'score'} = int($row->{'score'});
$sth->finish();
$matchpoint->{'components'} = [];
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM matchpoint_components WHERE matchpoint_id = ? ORDER BY sequence");
$sth->execute($matchpoint_id);
while ($row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref) {
my $component = {};
$component->{'tag'} = $row->{'tag'};
$component->{'subfields'} = { map { $_ => 1 } split(//, $row->{'subfields'}) };
$component->{'offset'} = int($row->{'offset'});
$component->{'length'} = int($row->{'length'});
$component->{'norms'} = [];
my $sth2 = $dbh->prepare_cached("SELECT *
FROM matchpoint_component_norms
WHERE matchpoint_component_id = ? ORDER BY sequence");
$sth2->execute($row->{'matchpoint_component_id'});
while (my $row2 = $sth2->fetchrow_hashref) {
push @{ $component->{'norms'} }, $row2->{'norm_routine'};
}
push @{ $matchpoint->{'components'} }, $component;
}
return $matchpoint;
}
=head2 store
=over 4
my $id = $matcher->store();
=back
Stores matcher in database. The return value is the ID
of the marc_matchers row. If the matcher was
previously retrieved from the database via the fetch()
method, the DB representation of the matcher
is replaced.
=cut
sub store {
my $self = shift;
if (defined $self->{'id'}) {
# update
$self->_del_matcher_components();
$self->_update_marc_matchers();
} else {
# create new
$self->_new_marc_matchers();
}
$self->_store_matcher_components();
return $self->{'id'};
}
sub _del_matcher_components {
my $self = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh();
my $sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("DELETE FROM matchpoints WHERE matcher_id = ?");
$sth->execute($self->{'id'});
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("DELETE FROM matchchecks WHERE matcher_id = ?");
$sth->execute($self->{'id'});
# foreign key delete cascades take care of deleting relevant rows
# from matcher_matchpoints, matchpoint_components, and
# matchpoint_component_norms
}
sub _update_marc_matchers {
my $self = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh();
my $sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("UPDATE marc_matchers
SET code = ?,
description = ?,
record_type = ?,
threshold = ?
WHERE matcher_id = ?");
$sth->execute($self->{'code'}, $self->{'description'}, $self->{'record_type'}, $self->{'threshold'}, $self->{'id'});
}
sub _new_marc_matchers {
my $self = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh();
my $sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO marc_matchers
(code, description, record_type, threshold)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
$sth->execute($self->{'code'}, $self->{'description'}, $self->{'record_type'}, $self->{'threshold'});
$self->{'id'} = $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'};
}
sub _store_matcher_components {
my $self = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh();
my $sth;
my $matcher_id = $self->{'id'};
foreach my $matchpoint (@{ $self->{'matchpoints'}}) {
my $matchpoint_id = $self->_store_matchpoint($matchpoint);
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO matcher_matchpoints (matcher_id, matchpoint_id)
VALUES (?, ?)");
$sth->execute($matcher_id, $matchpoint_id);
}
foreach my $matchcheck (@{ $self->{'required_checks'} }) {
my $source_matchpoint_id = $self->_store_matchpoint($matchcheck->{'source_matchpoint'});
my $target_matchpoint_id = $self->_store_matchpoint($matchcheck->{'target_matchpoint'});
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO matchchecks
(matcher_id, source_matchpoint_id, target_matchpoint_id)
VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
$sth->execute($matcher_id, $source_matchpoint_id, $target_matchpoint_id);
}
}
sub _store_matchpoint {
my $self = shift;
my $matchpoint = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh();
my $sth;
my $matcher_id = $self->{'id'};
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO matchpoints (matcher_id, search_index, score)
VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
$sth->execute($matcher_id, $matchpoint->{'index'}, $matchpoint->{'score'});
my $matchpoint_id = $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'};
my $seqnum = 0;
foreach my $component (@{ $matchpoint->{'components'} }) {
$seqnum++;
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO matchpoint_components
(matchpoint_id, sequence, tag, subfields, offset, length)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
$sth->bind_param(1, $matchpoint_id);
$sth->bind_param(2, $seqnum);
$sth->bind_param(3, $component->{'tag'});
$sth->bind_param(4, join "", sort keys %{ $component->{'subfields'} });
$sth->bind_param(5, $component->{'offset'});
$sth->bind_param(6, $component->{'length'});
$sth->execute();
my $matchpoint_component_id = $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'};
my $normseq = 0;
foreach my $norm (@{ $component->{'norms'} }) {
$normseq++;
$sth = $dbh->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO matchpoint_component_norms
(matchpoint_component_id, sequence, norm_routine)
VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
$sth->execute($matchpoint_component_id, $normseq, $norm);
}
}
return $matchpoint_id;
}
=head2 delete
=over 4
C4::Matcher->delete($id);
=back
Deletes the matcher of the specified ID
from the database.
=cut
sub delete {
my $class = shift;
my $matcher_id = shift;
my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
my $sth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM marc_matchers WHERE matcher_id = ?");
$sth->execute($matcher_id); # relying on cascading deletes to clean up everything
}
=head2 threshold
=over 4
$matcher->threshold(1000);
my $threshold = $matcher->threshold();
=back
Accessor method.
=cut
sub threshold {
my $self = shift;
@_ ? $self->{'threshold'} = shift : $self->{'threshold'};
}
=head2 _id
=over 4
$matcher->_id(123);
my $id = $matcher->_id();
=back
Accessor method. Note that using this method
to set the DB ID of the matcher should not be
done outside of the editing CGI.
=cut
sub _id {
my $self = shift;
@_ ? $self->{'id'} = shift : $self->{'id'};
}
=head2 code
=over 4
$matcher->code('ISBN');
my $code = $matcher->code();
=back
Accessor method.
=cut
sub code {
my $self = shift;
@_ ? $self->{'code'} = shift : $self->{'code'};
}
=head2 description
=over 4
$matcher->description('match on ISBN');
my $description = $matcher->description();
=back
Accessor method.
=cut
sub description {
my $self = shift;
@_ ? $self->{'description'} = shift : $self->{'description'};
}
=head2 add_matchpoint
=over 4
$matcher->add_matchpoint($index, $score, $matchcomponents);
=back
Adds a matchpoint that may include multiple components. The $index
parameter identifies the index that will be searched, while $score
is the weight that will be added if a match is found.
$matchcomponents should be a reference to an array of matchpoint
compoents, each of which should be a hash containing the following
keys:
tag
subfields
offset
length
norms
The normalization_rules value should in turn be a reference to an
array, each element of which should be a reference to a
normalization subroutine (under C4::Normalize) to be applied
to the source string.
=cut
sub add_matchpoint {
my $self = shift;
my ($index, $score, $matchcomponents) = @_;
my $matchpoint = {};
$matchpoint->{'index'} = $index;
$matchpoint->{'score'} = $score;
$matchpoint->{'components'} = [];
foreach my $input_component (@{ $matchcomponents }) {
push @{ $matchpoint->{'components'} }, _parse_match_component($input_component);
}
push @{ $self->{'matchpoints'} }, $matchpoint;
}
=head2 add_simple_matchpoint
=over 4
$matcher->add_simple_matchpoint($index, $score, $source_tag, $source_subfields,
$source_offset, $source_length,
$source_normalizer);
=back
Adds a simple matchpoint rule -- after composing a key based on the source tag and subfields,
normalized per the normalization fuction, search the index. All records retrieved
will receive the assigned score.
=cut
sub add_simple_matchpoint {
my $self = shift;
my ($index, $score, $source_tag, $source_subfields, $source_offset, $source_length, $source_normalizer) = @_;
$self->add_matchpoint($index, $score, [
{ tag => $source_tag, subfields => $source_subfields,
offset => $source_offset, 'length' => $source_length,
norms => [ $source_normalizer ]
}
]);
}
=head2 add_required_check
=over 4
$match->add_required_check($source_matchpoint, $target_matchpoint);
=back
Adds a required check definition. A required check means that in
order for a match to be considered valid, the key derived from the
source (incoming) record must match the key derived from the target
(already in DB) record.
Unlike a regular matchpoint, only the first repeat of each tag
in the source and target match criteria are considered.
A typical example of a required check would be verifying that the
titles and publication dates match.
$source_matchpoint and $target_matchpoint are each a reference to
an array of hashes, where each hash follows the same definition
as the matchpoint component specification in add_matchpoint, i.e.,
tag
subfields
offset
length
norms
The normalization_rules value should in turn be a reference to an
array, each element of which should be a reference to a
normalization subroutine (under C4::Normalize) to be applied
to the source string.
=cut
sub add_required_check {
my $self = shift;
my ($source_matchpoint, $target_matchpoint) = @_;
my $matchcheck = {};
$matchcheck->{'source_matchpoint'}->{'index'} = '';
$matchcheck->{'source_matchpoint'}->{'score'} = 0;
$matchcheck->{'source_matchpoint'}->{'components'} = [];
$matchcheck->{'target_matchpoint'}->{'index'} = '';
$matchcheck->{'target_matchpoint'}->{'score'} = 0;
$matchcheck->{'target_matchpoint'}->{'components'} = [];
foreach my $input_component (@{ $source_matchpoint }) {
push @{ $matchcheck->{'source_matchpoint'}->{'components'} }, _parse_match_component($input_component);
}
foreach my $input_component (@{ $target_matchpoint }) {
push @{ $matchcheck->{'target_matchpoint'}->{'components'} }, _parse_match_component($input_component);
}
push @{ $self->{'required_checks'} }, $matchcheck;
}
=head2 add_simple_required_check
$matcher->add_simple_required_check($source_tag, $source_subfields, $source_offset, $source_length, $source_normalizer,
$target_tag, $target_subfields, $target_offset, $target_length, $target_normalizer);
=over 4
Adds a required check, which requires that the normalized keys made from the source and targets
must match for a match to be considered valid.
=back
=cut
sub add_simple_required_check {
my $self = shift;
my ($source_tag, $source_subfields, $source_offset, $source_length, $source_normalizer,
$target_tag, $target_subfields, $target_offset, $target_length, $target_normalizer) = @_;
$self->add_required_check(
[ { tag => $source_tag, subfields => $source_subfields, offset => $source_offset, 'length' => $source_length,
norms => [ $source_normalizer ] } ],
[ { tag => $target_tag, subfields => $target_subfields, offset => $target_offset, 'length' => $target_length,
norms => [ $target_normalizer ] } ]
);
}
=head2 find_matches
=over 4
my @matches = $matcher->get_matches($marc_record, $max_matches);
foreach $match (@matches) {
# matches already sorted in order of
# decreasing score
print "record ID: $match->{'record_id'};
print "score: $match->{'score'};
}
=back
Identifies all of the records matching the given MARC record. For a record already
in the database to be considered a match, it must meet the following criteria:
=over 2
=item 1. Total score from its matching field must exceed the supplied threshold.
=item 2. It must pass all required checks.
=back
Only the top $max_matches matches are returned. The returned array is sorted
in order of decreasing score, i.e., the best match is first.
=cut
sub get_matches {
my $self = shift;
my ($source_record, $max_matches) = @_;
my %matches = ();
foreach my $matchpoint (@{ $self->{'matchpoints'} }) {
my @source_keys = _get_match_keys($source_record, $matchpoint);
next if scalar(@source_keys) == 0;
# build query
my $query = join(" or ", map { "$matchpoint->{'index'}=$_" } @source_keys);
# FIXME only searching biblio index at the moment
my ($error, $searchresults, $total_hits) = SimpleSearch($query, 0, $max_matches);
warn "search failed ($query) $error" if $error;
foreach my $matched (@$searchresults) {
$matches{$matched} += $matchpoint->{'score'};
}
}
# get rid of any that don't meet the threshold
%matches = map { ($matches{$_} >= $self->{'threshold'}) ? ($_ => $matches{$_}) : () } keys %matches;
# get rid of any that don't meet the required checks
%matches = map { _passes_required_checks($source_record, $_, $self->{'required_checks'}) ? ($_ => $matches{$_}) : () }
keys %matches;
my @results = ();
foreach my $marcblob (keys %matches) {
my $target_record = MARC::Record->new_from_usmarc($marcblob);
my $result = TransformMarcToKoha(C4::Context->dbh, $target_record, '');
# FIXME - again, bibliospecific
# also, can search engine be induced to give just the number in the first place?
my $record_number = $result->{'biblionumber'};
push @results, { 'record_id' => $record_number, 'score' => $matches{$marcblob} };
}
@results = sort { $b->{'score'} cmp $a->{'score'} } @results;
if (scalar(@results) > $max_matches) {
@results = @results[0..$max_matches-1];
}
return @results;
}
=head2 dump
=over 4
$description = $matcher->dump();
=back
Returns a reference to a structure containing all of the information
in the matcher object. This is mainly a convenience method to
aid setting up a HTML editing form.
=cut
sub dump {
my $self = shift;
my $result = {};
$result->{'matcher_id'} = $self->{'id'};
$result->{'code'} = $self->{'code'};
$result->{'description'} = $self->{'description'};
$result->{'matchpoints'} = [];
foreach my $matchpoint (@{ $self->{'matchpoints'} }) {
push @{ $result->{'matchpoints'} }, $matchpoint;
}
$result->{'matchchecks'} = [];
foreach my $matchcheck (@{ $self->{'required_checks'} }) {
push @{ $result->{'matchchecks'} }, $matchcheck;
}
return $result;
}
sub _passes_required_checks {
my ($source_record, $target_blob, $matchchecks) = @_;
my $target_record = MARC::Record->new_from_usmarc($target_blob); # FIXME -- need to avoid parsing record twice
# no checks supplied == automatic pass
return 1 if $#{ $matchchecks } == -1;
foreach my $matchcheck (@{ $matchchecks }) {
my $source_key = join "", _get_match_keys($source_record, $matchcheck->{'source_matchpoint'});
my $target_key = join "", _get_match_keys($target_record, $matchcheck->{'target_matchpoint'});
return 0 unless $source_key eq $target_key;
}
return 1;
}
sub _get_match_keys {
my $source_record = shift;
my $matchpoint = shift;
my $check_only_first_repeat = @_ ? shift : 0;
# If there is more than one component to the matchpoint (e.g.,
# matchpoint includes both 003 and 001), any repeats
# of the first component's tag are identified; repeats
# of the subsequent components' tags are appended to
# each parallel key dervied from the first component,
# up to the number of repeats of the first component's tag.
#
# For example, if the record has one 003 and two 001s, only
# one key is retrieved because there is only one 003. The key
# will consist of the contents of the first 003 and first 001.
#
# If there are two 003s and two 001s, there will be two keys:
# first 003 + first 001
# second 003 + second 001
my @keys = ();
for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#{ $matchpoint->{'components'} }; $i++) {
my $component = $matchpoint->{'components'}->[$i];
my $j = -1;
FIELD: foreach my $field ($source_record->field($component->{'tag'})) {
$j++;
last FIELD if $j > 0 and $check_only_first_repeat;
last FIELD if $i > 0 and $j > $#keys;
my $key = "";
if ($field->is_control_field()) {
if ($component->{'length'}) {
$key = _normalize(substr($field->data(), $component->{'offset'}, $component->{'length'}))
# FIXME normalize, substr
} else {
$key = _normalize($field->data());
}
} else {
foreach my $subfield ($field->subfields()) {
if (exists $component->{'subfields'}->{$subfield->[0]}) {
$key .= " " . $subfield->[1];
}
}
$key = _normalize($key);
if ($component->{'length'}){
if (length($key) > $component->{'length'}){
$key = _normalize(substr($key,$component->{'offset'},$component{'length'}));
}
}
}
if ($i == 0) {
push @keys, $key if $key;
} else {
$keys[$j] .= " $key" if $key;
}
}
}
return @keys;
}
sub _parse_match_component {
my $input_component = shift;
my $component = {};
$component->{'tag'} = $input_component->{'tag'};
$component->{'subfields'} = { map { $_ => 1 } split(//, $input_component->{'subfields'}) };
$component->{'offset'} = exists($input_component->{'offset'}) ? $input_component->{'offset'} : -1;
$component->{'length'} = $input_component->{'length'} ? $input_component->{'length'} : 0;
$component->{'norms'} = $input_component->{'norms'} ? $input_component->{'norms'} : [];
return $component;
}
# FIXME - default normalizer
sub _normalize {
my $value = uc shift;
$value =~ s/.;:,\]\[\)\(\/'"//g;
$value =~ s/^\s+//;
#$value =~ s/^\s+$//;
$value =~ s/\s+$//;
$value =~ s/\s+/ /g;
#$value =~ s/[.;,\]\[\)\(\/"']//g;
return $value;
}
1;
__END__
=head1 AUTHOR
Koha Development Team <info@koha.org>
Galen Charlton <galen.charlton@liblime.com>
=cut