1 package C4::Auth_with_ldap;
3 # Copyright 2000-2002 Katipo Communications
5 # This file is part of Koha.
7 # Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10 # (at your option) any later version.
12 # Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 # GNU General Public License for more details.
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 # along with Koha; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
24 use C4::Members::Messaging;
25 use C4::Auth qw( checkpw_internal );
27 use Koha::AuthUtils qw( hash_password );
29 use Net::LDAP::Filter;
31 our (@ISA, @EXPORT_OK);
35 @EXPORT_OK = qw( checkpw_ldap );
38 # Redefine checkpw_ldap:
39 # connect to LDAP (named or anonymous)
40 # ~ retrieves $userid from KOHA_CONF mapping
41 # ~ then compares $password with userPassword
42 # ~ then gets the LDAP entry
43 # ~ and calls the memberadd if necessary
45 sub ldapserver_error {
46 return sprintf('No ldapserver "%s" defined in KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF}, shift);
49 use vars qw($mapping @ldaphosts $base $ldapname $ldappassword);
50 my $ldap = C4::Context->config("ldapserver") or die 'No "ldapserver" in server hash from KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF};
51 # since Bug 28278 we need to skip id in <ldapserver id="ldapserver"> which generates additional hash level
52 if ( exists $ldap->{ldapserver} ) {
53 $ldap = $ldap->{ldapserver} or die ldapserver_error('id="ldapserver"');
55 my $prefhost = $ldap->{hostname} or die ldapserver_error('hostname');
56 my $base = $ldap->{base} or die ldapserver_error('base');
57 $ldapname = $ldap->{user} ;
58 $ldappassword = $ldap->{pass} ;
59 our %mapping = %{$ldap->{mapping}}; # FIXME dpavlin -- don't die because of || (); from 6eaf8511c70eb82d797c941ef528f4310a15e9f9
60 my @mapkeys = keys %mapping;
61 #warn "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys ( total ): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
62 @mapkeys = grep {defined $mapping{$_}->{is}} @mapkeys;
63 #warn "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys (populated): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
65 my %categorycode_conversions;
66 my $default_categorycode;
67 if(defined $ldap->{categorycode_mapping}) {
68 $default_categorycode = $ldap->{categorycode_mapping}->{default};
69 foreach my $cat (@{$ldap->{categorycode_mapping}->{categorycode}}) {
70 $categorycode_conversions{$cat->{value}} = $cat->{content};
75 anonymous => defined ($ldap->{anonymous_bind}) ? $ldap->{anonymous_bind} : 1,
76 replicate => defined($ldap->{replicate}) ? $ldap->{replicate} : 1, # add from LDAP to Koha database for new user
77 update => defined($ldap->{update} ) ? $ldap->{update} : 1, # update from LDAP to Koha database for existing user
81 my $result = shift or return;
82 return "LDAP error #" . $result->code
83 . ": " . $result->error_name . "\n"
84 . "# " . $result->error_text . "\n";
88 my $db = shift or return;
89 my $userid = shift or return;
90 my $uid_field = $mapping{userid}->{is} or die ldapserver_error("mapping for 'userid'");
91 my $filter = Net::LDAP::Filter->new("$uid_field=$userid") or die "Failed to create new Net::LDAP::Filter";
92 my $search = $db->search(
97 die "LDAP search failed to return object : " . $search->error if $search->code;
99 my $count = $search->count;
100 if ($search->code > 0) {
101 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : %s gets %d hits\n", $filter->as_string, $count) . description($search);
105 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : search with filter '%s' returns no hit\n", $filter->as_string);
112 my ($userid, $password) = @_;
113 my @hosts = split(',', $prefhost);
114 my $db = Net::LDAP->new(\@hosts);
116 warn "LDAP connexion failed";
122 # first, LDAP authentication
123 if ( $ldap->{auth_by_bind} ) {
125 if ( $config{anonymous} ) {
127 # Perform an anonymous bind
130 warn "Anonymous LDAP bind failed: " . description($res);
134 # Perform a LDAP search for the given username
135 my $search = search_method( $db, $userid )
136 or return 0; # warnings are in the sub
137 $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
138 $principal_name = $userldapentry->dn;
141 $principal_name = $ldap->{principal_name};
142 if ( $principal_name and $principal_name =~ /\%/ ) {
143 $principal_name = sprintf( $principal_name, $userid );
146 $principal_name = $userid;
150 # Perform a LDAP bind for the given username using the matched DN
151 my $res = $db->bind( $principal_name, password => $password );
153 if ( $config{anonymous} ) {
154 # With anonymous_bind approach we can be sure we have found the correct user
155 # and that any 'code' response indicates a 'bad' user (be that blocked, banned
156 # or password changed). We should not fall back to local accounts in this case.
157 warn "LDAP bind failed as kohauser $userid: " . description($res);
160 # Without a anonymous_bind, we cannot be sure we are looking at a valid ldap user
161 # at all, and thus we should fall back to local logins to restore previous behaviour
163 warn "LDAP bind failed as kohauser $userid: " . description($res);
167 if ( !defined($userldapentry)
168 && ( $config{update} or $config{replicate} ) )
170 my $search = search_method( $db, $userid ) or return 0;
171 $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
174 my $res = ($config{anonymous}) ? $db->bind : $db->bind($ldapname, password=>$ldappassword);
175 if ($res->code) { # connection refused
176 warn "LDAP bind failed as ldapuser " . ($ldapname || '[ANONYMOUS]') . ": " . description($res);
179 my $search = search_method($db, $userid) or return 0; # warnings are in the sub
180 # Handle multiple branches. Same login exists several times in different branches.
182 while (my $entry = $search->shift_entry) {
183 my $user_ldap_bind_ret = $db->bind($entry->dn, password => $password);
184 unless ($user_ldap_bind_ret->code) {
185 $userldapentry = $entry;
192 warn "LDAP Auth rejected : invalid password for user '$userid'.";
199 # To get here, LDAP has accepted our user's login attempt.
200 # But we still have work to do. See perldoc below for detailed breakdown.
203 my ($borrowernumber,$cardnumber,$local_userid,$savedpw) = exists_local($userid);
206 if (( $borrowernumber and $config{update} ) or
207 (!$borrowernumber and $config{replicate}) ) {
208 %borrower = ldap_entry_2_hash($userldapentry,$userid);
209 #warn "checkpw_ldap received \%borrower w/ " . keys(%borrower), " keys: ", join(' ', keys %borrower), "\n";
212 if ($borrowernumber) {
213 if ($config{update}) { # A1, B1
214 my $c2 = &update_local($local_userid,$password,$borrowernumber,\%borrower) || '';
215 ($cardnumber eq $c2) or warn "update_local returned cardnumber '$c2' instead of '$cardnumber'";
217 # maybe update just the password?
218 return(1, $cardnumber, $local_userid);
220 } elsif ($config{replicate}) { # A2, C2
221 my @columns = Koha::Patrons->columns;
222 $patron = Koha::Patron->new(
224 map { exists( $borrower{$_} ) ? ( $_ => $borrower{$_} ) : () } @columns
227 die "Insert of new patron failed" unless $patron;
228 $borrowernumber = $patron->borrowernumber;
229 C4::Members::Messaging::SetMessagingPreferencesFromDefaults( { borrowernumber => $borrowernumber, categorycode => $borrower{'categorycode'} } );
233 if (C4::Context->preference('ExtendedPatronAttributes') && $borrowernumber && ($config{update} ||$config{replicate})) {
234 my $library_id = C4::Context->userenv ? C4::Context->userenv->{'branch'} : undef;
235 my $attribute_types = Koha::Patron::Attribute::Types->search_with_library_limits({}, {}, $library_id);
236 while ( my $attribute_type = $attribute_types->next ) {
237 my $code = $attribute_type->code;
238 unless (exists($borrower{$code}) && $borrower{$code} !~ m/^\s*$/ ) {
241 $patron = Koha::Patrons->find($borrowernumber);
242 if ( $patron ) { # Should not be needed, but we are in C4::Auth LDAP...
244 my $attribute = Koha::Patron::Attribute->new({code => $code, attribute => $borrower{$code}});
245 $patron->extended_attributes([$attribute->unblessed]);
247 if ($@) { # FIXME Test if Koha::Exceptions::Patron::Attribute::NonRepeatable
248 warn "ERROR_extended_unique_id_failed $code $borrower{$code}";
253 return(1, $cardnumber, $userid, $patron);
256 # Pass LDAP entry object and local cardnumber (userid).
257 # Returns borrower hash.
258 # Edit KOHA_CONF so $memberhash{'xxx'} fits your ldap structure.
259 # Ensure that mandatory fields are correctly filled!
261 sub ldap_entry_2_hash {
262 my $userldapentry = shift;
263 my %borrower = ( cardnumber => shift );
265 $userldapentry->exists('uid'); # This is bad, but required! By side-effect, this initializes the attrs hash.
266 #foreach (keys %$userldapentry) {
267 # print STDERR "\n\nLDAP key: $_\t", sprintf('(%s)', ref $userldapentry->{$_}), "\n";
269 my $x = $userldapentry->{attrs} or return;
271 $memberhash{$_} = join ' ', @{$x->{$_}};
272 #warn sprintf("building \$memberhash{%s} = ", $_, join(' ', @{$x->{$_}})), "\n";
274 #warn "Finished \%memberhash has ", scalar(keys %memberhash), " keys\n", "Referencing \%mapping with ", scalar(keys %mapping), " keys\n";
275 foreach my $key (keys %mapping) {
276 my $data = $memberhash{ lc($mapping{$key}->{is}) }; # Net::LDAP returns all names in lowercase
277 #warn "mapping %20s ==> %-20s (%s)\n", $key, $mapping{$key}->{is}, $data;
278 unless (defined $data) {
279 $data = $mapping{$key}->{content} || undef;
281 $borrower{$key} = $data;
283 $borrower{initials} = $memberhash{initials} ||
284 ( substr($borrower{'firstname'},0,1)
285 . substr($borrower{ 'surname' },0,1)
288 # categorycode conversions
289 if(defined $categorycode_conversions{$borrower{categorycode}}) {
290 $borrower{categorycode} = $categorycode_conversions{$borrower{categorycode}};
292 elsif($default_categorycode) {
293 $borrower{categorycode} = $default_categorycode;
296 # check if categorycode exists, if not, fallback to default from koha-conf.xml
297 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
298 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT categorycode FROM categories WHERE categorycode = ?");
299 $sth->execute( uc($borrower{'categorycode'}) );
300 unless ( my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref ) {
301 my $default = $mapping{'categorycode'}->{content};
302 #warn "Can't find ", $borrower{'categorycode'}, " default to: $default for ", $borrower{userid};
303 $borrower{'categorycode'} = $default
311 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
312 my $select = "SELECT borrowernumber,cardnumber,userid,password FROM borrowers ";
314 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE userid=?"); # was cardnumber=?
316 #warn "Userid '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
317 ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
319 $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE cardnumber=?");
321 #warn "Cardnumber '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
322 ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
326 # This function performs a password update, given the userid, borrowerid,
327 # and digested password. It will verify that things are correct and return the
328 # borrowers cardnumber. The idea is that it is used to keep the local
329 # passwords in sync with the LDAP passwords.
331 # $cardnum = _do_changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $digest)
333 # Note: if the LDAP config has the update_password tag set to a false value,
334 # then this will not update the password, it will simply return the cardnumber.
335 sub _do_changepassword {
336 my ($userid, $borrowerid, $password) = @_;
338 if ( exists( $ldap->{update_password} ) && !$ldap->{update_password} ) {
340 # We don't store the password in the database
341 my $sth = C4::Context->dbh->prepare(
342 'SELECT cardnumber FROM borrowers WHERE borrowernumber=?');
343 $sth->execute($borrowerid);
344 die "Unable to access borrowernumber "
345 . "with userid=$userid, "
346 . "borrowernumber=$borrowerid"
348 my ($cardnum) = $sth->fetchrow;
349 $sth = C4::Context->dbh->prepare(
350 'UPDATE borrowers SET password = null WHERE borrowernumber=?');
351 $sth->execute($borrowerid);
355 my $digest = hash_password($password);
356 #warn "changing local password for borrowernumber=$borrowerid to '$digest'\n";
357 Koha::Patrons->find($borrowerid)->set_password({ password => $password, skip_validation => 1 });
359 my ($ok, $cardnum) = checkpw_internal($userid, $password);
360 return $cardnum if $ok;
362 warn "Password mismatch after update to borrowernumber=$borrowerid";
367 my $userid = shift or croak "No userid";
368 my $password = shift or croak "No password";
369 my $borrowerid = shift or croak "No borrowerid";
370 my $borrower = shift or croak "No borrower record";
372 # skip extended patron attributes in 'borrowers' attribute update
373 my @keys = keys %$borrower;
374 if (C4::Context->preference('ExtendedPatronAttributes')) {
375 my $library_id = C4::Context->userenv ? C4::Context->userenv->{'branch'} : undef;
376 my $attribute_types = Koha::Patron::Attribute::Types->search_with_library_limits({}, {}, $library_id);
377 while ( my $attribute_type = $attribute_types->next ) {
378 my $code = $attribute_type->code;
379 @keys = grep { $_ ne $code } @keys;
380 #warn "ignoring extended patron attribute '%s' in update_local()\n", $code;
384 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
385 my $query = "UPDATE borrowers\nSET " .
386 join(',', map {"$_=?"} @keys) .
387 "\nWHERE borrowernumber=? ";
388 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query);
389 #warn $query, "\n", join "\n", map {"$_ = '" . $borrower->{$_} . "'"} @keys;
390 #warn "\nuserid = $userid\n";
392 ((map {$borrower->{$_}} @keys), $borrowerid)
395 # MODIFY PASSWORD/LOGIN if password was mapped
396 _do_changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $password) if exists( $borrower->{'password'} );
404 C4::Auth - Authenticates Koha users
408 use C4::Auth_with_ldap;
410 =head1 LDAP Configuration
412 This module is specific to LDAP authentification. It requires Net::LDAP package and one or more
413 working LDAP servers.
415 * Modify ldapserver element in KOHA_CONF
416 * Establish field mapping in <mapping> element.
418 For example, if your user records are stored according to the inetOrgPerson schema, RFC#2798,
419 the username would match the "uid" field, and the password should match the "userpassword" field.
421 Make sure that ALL required fields are populated by your LDAP database (and mapped in KOHA_CONF).
422 What are the required fields? Well, in mysql you can check the database table "borrowers" like this:
424 mysql> show COLUMNS from borrowers;
425 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
426 | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
427 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
428 | borrowernumber | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
429 | cardnumber | varchar(16) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
430 | surname | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
431 | firstname | text | YES | | NULL | |
432 | title | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
433 | othernames | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
434 | initials | text | YES | | NULL | |
435 | streetnumber | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
436 | streettype | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
437 | address | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
438 | address2 | text | YES | | NULL | |
439 | city | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
440 | state | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
441 | zipcode | varchar(25) | YES | | NULL | |
442 | country | text | YES | | NULL | |
443 | email | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
444 | phone | text | YES | | NULL | |
445 | mobile | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
446 | fax | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
447 | emailpro | text | YES | | NULL | |
448 | phonepro | text | YES | | NULL | |
449 | B_streetnumber | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
450 | B_streettype | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
451 | B_address | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
452 | B_address2 | text | YES | | NULL | |
453 | B_city | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
454 | B_state | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
455 | B_zipcode | varchar(25) | YES | | NULL | |
456 | B_country | text | YES | | NULL | |
457 | B_email | text | YES | | NULL | |
458 | B_phone | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
459 | dateofbirth | date | YES | | NULL | |
460 | branchcode | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
461 | categorycode | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
462 | dateenrolled | date | YES | | NULL | |
463 | dateexpiry | date | YES | | NULL | |
464 | gonenoaddress | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |
465 | lost | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |
466 | debarred | date | YES | | NULL | |
467 | debarredcomment | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
468 | contactname | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
469 | contactfirstname | text | YES | | NULL | |
470 | contacttitle | text | YES | | NULL | |
471 | borrowernotes | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
472 | relationship | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
473 | ethnicity | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
474 | ethnotes | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
475 | sex | varchar(1) | YES | | NULL | |
476 | password | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
477 | flags | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
478 | userid | varchar(30) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
479 | opacnote | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
480 | contactnote | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
481 | sort1 | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
482 | sort2 | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
483 | altcontactfirstname | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
484 | altcontactsurname | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
485 | altcontactaddress1 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
486 | altcontactaddress2 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
487 | altcontactaddress3 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
488 | altcontactstate | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
489 | altcontactzipcode | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
490 | altcontactcountry | text | YES | | NULL | |
491 | altcontactphone | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
492 | smsalertnumber | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
493 | privacy | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
494 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
495 66 rows in set (0.00 sec)
496 Where Null="NO", the field is required.
498 =head1 KOHA_CONF and field mapping
500 Example XML stanza for LDAP configuration in KOHA_CONF.
504 <useldapserver>1</useldapserver>
505 <!-- LDAP SERVER (optional) -->
506 <ldapserver id="ldapserver">
507 <hostname>localhost</hostname>
508 <base>dc=metavore,dc=com</base>
509 <user>cn=Manager,dc=metavore,dc=com</user> <!-- DN, if not anonymous -->
510 <pass>metavore</pass> <!-- password, if not anonymous -->
511 <replicate>1</replicate> <!-- add new users from LDAP to Koha database -->
512 <update>1</update> <!-- update existing users in Koha database -->
513 <auth_by_bind>0</auth_by_bind> <!-- set to 1 to authenticate by binding instead of
514 password comparison, e.g., to use Active Directory -->
515 <anonymous_bind>0</anonymous_bind> <!-- set to 1 if users should be searched using
516 an anonymous bind, even when auth_by_bind is on -->
517 <principal_name>%s@my_domain.com</principal_name>
518 <!-- optional, for auth_by_bind: a printf format to make userPrincipalName from koha userid.
519 Not used with anonymous_bind. -->
520 <update_password>1</update_password> <!-- set to 0 if you don't want LDAP passwords
521 synced to the local database -->
522 <mapping> <!-- match koha SQL field names to your LDAP record field names -->
523 <firstname is="givenname" ></firstname>
524 <surname is="sn" ></surname>
525 <address is="postaladdress" ></address>
526 <city is="l" >Athens, OH</city>
527 <zipcode is="postalcode" ></zipcode>
528 <branchcode is="branch" >MAIN</branchcode>
529 <userid is="uid" ></userid>
530 <password is="userpassword" ></password>
531 <email is="mail" ></email>
532 <categorycode is="employeetype" >PT</categorycode>
533 <phone is="telephonenumber"></phone>
538 The <mapping> subelements establish the relationship between mysql fields and LDAP attributes. The element name
539 is the column in mysql, with the "is" characteristic set to the LDAP attribute name. Optionally, any content
540 between the element tags is taken as the default value. In this example, the default categorycode is "PT" (for
545 Once a user has been accepted by the LDAP server, there are several possibilities for how Koha will behave, depending on
546 your configuration and the presence of a matching Koha user in your local DB:
549 OPTION UPDATE REPLICATE EXISTS? RESULT
550 A1 1 1 1 OK : We're updating them anyway.
551 A2 1 1 0 OK : We're adding them anyway.
552 B1 1 0 1 OK : We update them.
553 B2 1 0 0 FAIL: We cannot add new user.
554 C1 0 1 1 OK : We do nothing. (maybe should update password?)
555 C2 0 1 0 OK : We add the new user.
556 D1 0 0 1 OK : We do nothing. (maybe should update password?)
557 D2 0 0 0 FAIL: We cannot add new user.
559 Note: failure here just means that Koha will fallback to checking the local DB. That is, a given user could login with
560 their LDAP password OR their local one. If this is a problem, then you should enable update and supply a mapping for
561 password. Then the local value will be updated at successful LDAP login and the passwords will be synced.
563 If you choose NOT to update local users, the borrowers table will not be affected at all.
564 Note that this means that patron passwords may appear to change if LDAP is ever disabled, because
565 the local table never contained the LDAP values.
569 Binds as the user instead of retrieving their record. Recommended if update disabled.
571 =head2 principal_name
573 Provides an optional sprintf-style format for manipulating the userid before the bind.
574 Even though the userPrincipalName is one intended target, any uniquely identifying
575 attribute that the server allows to be used for binding could be used.
577 Currently, principal_name only operates when auth_by_bind is enabled.
579 =head2 update_password
581 If this tag is left out or set to a true value, then the user's LDAP password
582 will be stored (hashed) in the local Koha database. If you don't want this
583 to happen, then set the value of this to '0'. Note that if passwords are not
584 stored locally, and the connection to the LDAP system fails, then the users
585 will not be able to log in at all.
587 =head2 Active Directory
589 The auth_by_bind and principal_name settings are recommended for Active Directory.
591 Under default Active Directory rules, we cannot determine the distinguishedName attribute from the Koha userid as reliably as
592 we would typically under openldap. Instead of:
594 distinguishedName: CN=barnes.7,DC=my_company,DC=com
598 distinguishedName: CN=Barnes\, Jim,OU=Test Accounts,OU=User Accounts,DC=my_company,DC=com
600 Matching that would require us to know more info about the account (firstname, surname) and to include punctuation and whitespace
601 in Koha userids. But the userPrincipalName should be consistent, something like:
603 userPrincipalName: barnes.7@my_company.com
605 Therefore it is often easier to bind to Active Directory with userPrincipalName, effectively the
606 canonical email address for that user, or what it would be if email were enabled for them. If Koha userid values
607 will match the username portion of the userPrincipalName, and the domain suffix is the same for all users, then use principal_name
609 <principal_name>%s@core.my_company.com</principal_name>
611 The user of the previous example, barnes.7, would then attempt to bind as:
612 barnes.7@core.my_company.com
628 # For reference, here's an important difference in the data structure we rely on.
629 # ========================================
630 # Using attrs instead of {asn}->attributes
631 # ========================================
633 # LDAP key: ->{ cn} = ARRAY w/ 3 members.
634 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{ sss} = sss
635 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{ Steve Smith} = Steve Smith
636 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{Steve S. Smith} = Steve S. Smith
638 # LDAP key: ->{ givenname} = ARRAY w/ 1 members.
639 # LDAP key: ->{ givenname}->{Steve} = Steve