1 package C4::Auth_with_ldap;
3 # Copyright 2000-2002 Katipo Communications
5 # This file is part of Koha.
7 # Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10 # (at your option) any later version.
12 # Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 # GNU General Public License for more details.
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 # along with Koha; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
25 use C4::Members::Attributes;
26 use C4::Members::AttributeTypes;
27 use C4::Members::Messaging;
28 use C4::Auth qw(checkpw_internal);
30 use Koha::AuthUtils qw(hash_password);
31 use List::MoreUtils qw( any );
33 use Net::LDAP::Filter;
35 use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS $debug);
40 @EXPORT = qw( checkpw_ldap );
43 # Redefine checkpw_ldap:
44 # connect to LDAP (named or anonymous)
45 # ~ retrieves $userid from KOHA_CONF mapping
46 # ~ then compares $password with userPassword
47 # ~ then gets the LDAP entry
48 # ~ and calls the memberadd if necessary
50 sub ldapserver_error {
51 return sprintf('No ldapserver "%s" defined in KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF}, shift);
54 use vars qw($mapping @ldaphosts $base $ldapname $ldappassword);
55 my $context = C4::Context->new() or die 'C4::Context->new failed';
56 my $ldap = C4::Context->config("ldapserver") or die 'No "ldapserver" in server hash from KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF};
57 my $prefhost = $ldap->{hostname} or die ldapserver_error('hostname');
58 my $base = $ldap->{base} or die ldapserver_error('base');
59 $ldapname = $ldap->{user} ;
60 $ldappassword = $ldap->{pass} ;
61 our %mapping = %{$ldap->{mapping}}; # FIXME dpavlin -- don't die because of || (); from 6eaf8511c70eb82d797c941ef528f4310a15e9f9
62 my @mapkeys = keys %mapping;
63 $debug and print STDERR "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys ( total ): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
64 @mapkeys = grep {defined $mapping{$_}->{is}} @mapkeys;
65 $debug and print STDERR "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys (populated): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
67 my %categorycode_conversions;
68 my $default_categorycode;
69 if(defined $ldap->{categorycode_mapping}) {
70 $default_categorycode = $ldap->{categorycode_mapping}->{default};
71 foreach my $cat (@{$ldap->{categorycode_mapping}->{categorycode}}) {
72 $categorycode_conversions{$cat->{value}} = $cat->{content};
77 anonymous => defined ($ldap->{anonymous_bind}) ? $ldap->{anonymous_bind} : 1,
78 replicate => defined($ldap->{replicate}) ? $ldap->{replicate} : 1, # add from LDAP to Koha database for new user
79 update => defined($ldap->{update} ) ? $ldap->{update} : 1, # update from LDAP to Koha database for existing user
83 my $result = shift or return;
84 return "LDAP error #" . $result->code
85 . ": " . $result->error_name . "\n"
86 . "# " . $result->error_text . "\n";
90 my $db = shift or return;
91 my $userid = shift or return;
92 my $uid_field = $mapping{userid}->{is} or die ldapserver_error("mapping for 'userid'");
93 my $filter = Net::LDAP::Filter->new("$uid_field=$userid") or die "Failed to create new Net::LDAP::Filter";
94 my $search = $db->search(
99 die "LDAP search failed to return object : " . $search->error if $search->code;
101 my $count = $search->count;
102 if ($search->code > 0) {
103 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : %s gets %d hits\n", $filter->as_string, $count) . description($search);
107 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : search with filter '%s' returns no hit\n", $filter->as_string);
114 my ($dbh, $userid, $password) = @_;
115 my @hosts = split(',', $prefhost);
116 my $db = Net::LDAP->new(\@hosts);
118 warn "LDAP connexion failed";
122 #$debug and $db->debug(5);
125 # first, LDAP authentication
126 if ( $ldap->{auth_by_bind} ) {
128 if ( $config{anonymous} ) {
130 # Perform an anonymous bind
133 warn "Anonymous LDAP bind failed: " . description($res);
137 # Perform a LDAP search for the given username
138 my $search = search_method( $db, $userid )
139 or return 0; # warnings are in the sub
140 $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
141 $principal_name = $userldapentry->dn;
144 $principal_name = $ldap->{principal_name};
145 if ( $principal_name and $principal_name =~ /\%/ ) {
146 $principal_name = sprintf( $principal_name, $userid );
149 $principal_name = $userid;
153 # Perform a LDAP bind for the given username using the matched DN
154 my $res = $db->bind( $principal_name, password => $password );
156 if ( $config{anonymous} ) {
157 # With anonymous_bind approach we can be sure we have found the correct user
158 # and that any 'code' response indicates a 'bad' user (be that blocked, banned
159 # or password changed). We should not fall back to local accounts in this case.
160 warn "LDAP bind failed as kohauser $userid: " . description($res);
163 # Without a anonymous_bind, we cannot be sure we are looking at a valid ldap user
164 # at all, and thus we should fall back to local logins to restore previous behaviour
166 warn "LDAP bind failed as kohauser $userid: " . description($res);
170 if ( !defined($userldapentry)
171 && ( $config{update} or $config{replicate} ) )
173 my $search = search_method( $db, $userid ) or return 0;
174 $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
177 my $res = ($config{anonymous}) ? $db->bind : $db->bind($ldapname, password=>$ldappassword);
178 if ($res->code) { # connection refused
179 warn "LDAP bind failed as ldapuser " . ($ldapname || '[ANONYMOUS]') . ": " . description($res);
182 my $search = search_method($db, $userid) or return 0; # warnings are in the sub
183 # Handle multiple branches. Same login exists several times in different branches.
185 while (my $entry = $search->shift_entry) {
186 my $user_ldap_bind_ret = $db->bind($entry->dn, password => $password);
187 unless ($user_ldap_bind_ret->code) {
188 $userldapentry = $entry;
195 warn "LDAP Auth rejected : invalid password for user '$userid'.";
202 # To get here, LDAP has accepted our user's login attempt.
203 # But we still have work to do. See perldoc below for detailed breakdown.
206 my ($borrowernumber,$cardnumber,$local_userid,$savedpw) = exists_local($userid);
208 if (( $borrowernumber and $config{update} ) or
209 (!$borrowernumber and $config{replicate}) ) {
210 %borrower = ldap_entry_2_hash($userldapentry,$userid);
211 $debug and print STDERR "checkpw_ldap received \%borrower w/ " . keys(%borrower), " keys: ", join(' ', keys %borrower), "\n";
214 if ($borrowernumber) {
215 if ($config{update}) { # A1, B1
216 my $c2 = &update_local($local_userid,$password,$borrowernumber,\%borrower) || '';
217 ($cardnumber eq $c2) or warn "update_local returned cardnumber '$c2' instead of '$cardnumber'";
219 # maybe update just the password?
220 return(1, $cardnumber, $local_userid);
222 } elsif ($config{replicate}) { # A2, C2
223 my @columns = Koha::Patrons->columns;
224 my $patron = Koha::Patron->new(
226 map { exists( $borrower{$_} ) ? ( $_ => $borrower{$_} ) : () } @columns
229 die "Insert of new patron failed" unless $patron;
230 $borrowernumber = $patron->borrowernumber;
231 C4::Members::Messaging::SetMessagingPreferencesFromDefaults( { borrowernumber => $borrowernumber, categorycode => $borrower{'categorycode'} } );
235 if (C4::Context->preference('ExtendedPatronAttributes') && $borrowernumber && ($config{update} ||$config{replicate})) {
236 foreach my $attribute_type ( C4::Members::AttributeTypes::GetAttributeTypes() ) {
237 my $code = $attribute_type->{code};
238 unless (exists($borrower{$code}) && $borrower{$code} !~ m/^\s*$/ ) {
241 my $patron = Koha::Patrons->find($borrowernumber);
242 if ( $patron ) { # Should not be needed, but we are in C4::Auth LDAP...
244 my $attribute = Koha::Patron::Attribute->new({code => $code, attribute => $borrower{$code}});
245 $patron->extended_attributes([$attribute]);
247 if ($@) { # FIXME Test if Koha::Exceptions::Patron::Attribute::NonRepeatable
248 warn "ERROR_extended_unique_id_failed $code $borrower{$code}";
253 return(1, $cardnumber, $userid);
256 # Pass LDAP entry object and local cardnumber (userid).
257 # Returns borrower hash.
258 # Edit KOHA_CONF so $memberhash{'xxx'} fits your ldap structure.
259 # Ensure that mandatory fields are correctly filled!
261 sub ldap_entry_2_hash {
262 my $userldapentry = shift;
263 my %borrower = ( cardnumber => shift );
265 $userldapentry->exists('uid'); # This is bad, but required! By side-effect, this initializes the attrs hash.
267 foreach (keys %$userldapentry) {
268 print STDERR "\n\nLDAP key: $_\t", sprintf('(%s)', ref $userldapentry->{$_}), "\n";
271 my $x = $userldapentry->{attrs} or return;
273 $memberhash{$_} = join ' ', @{$x->{$_}};
274 $debug and print STDERR sprintf("building \$memberhash{%s} = ", $_, join(' ', @{$x->{$_}})), "\n";
276 $debug and print STDERR "Finsihed \%memberhash has ", scalar(keys %memberhash), " keys\n",
277 "Referencing \%mapping with ", scalar(keys %mapping), " keys\n";
278 foreach my $key (keys %mapping) {
279 my $data = $memberhash{ lc($mapping{$key}->{is}) }; # Net::LDAP returns all names in lowercase
280 $debug and printf STDERR "mapping %20s ==> %-20s (%s)\n", $key, $mapping{$key}->{is}, $data;
281 unless (defined $data) {
282 $data = $mapping{$key}->{content} || undef;
284 $borrower{$key} = $data;
286 $borrower{initials} = $memberhash{initials} ||
287 ( substr($borrower{'firstname'},0,1)
288 . substr($borrower{ 'surname' },0,1)
291 # categorycode conversions
292 if(defined $categorycode_conversions{$borrower{categorycode}}) {
293 $borrower{categorycode} = $categorycode_conversions{$borrower{categorycode}};
295 elsif($default_categorycode) {
296 $borrower{categorycode} = $default_categorycode;
299 # check if categorycode exists, if not, fallback to default from koha-conf.xml
300 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
301 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT categorycode FROM categories WHERE categorycode = ?");
302 $sth->execute( uc($borrower{'categorycode'}) );
303 unless ( my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref ) {
304 my $default = $mapping{'categorycode'}->{content};
305 $debug && warn "Can't find ", $borrower{'categorycode'}, " default to: $default for ", $borrower{userid};
306 $borrower{'categorycode'} = $default
314 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
315 my $select = "SELECT borrowernumber,cardnumber,userid,password FROM borrowers ";
317 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE userid=?"); # was cardnumber=?
319 $debug and printf STDERR "Userid '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
320 ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
322 $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE cardnumber=?");
324 $debug and printf STDERR "Cardnumber '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
325 ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
329 # This function performs a password update, given the userid, borrowerid,
330 # and digested password. It will verify that things are correct and return the
331 # borrowers cardnumber. The idea is that it is used to keep the local
332 # passwords in sync with the LDAP passwords.
334 # $cardnum = _do_changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $digest)
336 # Note: if the LDAP config has the update_password tag set to a false value,
337 # then this will not update the password, it will simply return the cardnumber.
338 sub _do_changepassword {
339 my ($userid, $borrowerid, $password) = @_;
341 if ( exists( $ldap->{update_password} ) && !$ldap->{update_password} ) {
343 # We don't store the password in the database
344 my $sth = C4::Context->dbh->prepare(
345 'SELECT cardnumber FROM borrowers WHERE borrowernumber=?');
346 $sth->execute($borrowerid);
347 die "Unable to access borrowernumber "
348 . "with userid=$userid, "
349 . "borrowernumber=$borrowerid"
351 my ($cardnum) = $sth->fetchrow;
352 $sth = C4::Context->dbh->prepare(
353 'UPDATE borrowers SET password = null WHERE borrowernumber=?');
354 $sth->execute($borrowerid);
358 my $digest = hash_password($password);
359 $debug and print STDERR "changing local password for borrowernumber=$borrowerid to '$digest'\n";
360 Koha::Patrons->find($borrowerid)->set_password({ password => $password, skip_validation => 1 });
362 my ($ok, $cardnum) = checkpw_internal(C4::Context->dbh, $userid, $password);
363 return $cardnum if $ok;
365 warn "Password mismatch after update to borrowernumber=$borrowerid";
370 my $userid = shift or croak "No userid";
371 my $password = shift or croak "No password";
372 my $borrowerid = shift or croak "No borrowerid";
373 my $borrower = shift or croak "No borrower record";
375 # skip extended patron attributes in 'borrowers' attribute update
376 my @keys = keys %$borrower;
377 if (C4::Context->preference('ExtendedPatronAttributes')) {
378 foreach my $attribute_type ( C4::Members::AttributeTypes::GetAttributeTypes() ) {
379 my $code = $attribute_type->{code};
380 @keys = grep { $_ ne $code } @keys;
381 $debug and printf STDERR "ignoring extended patron attribute '%s' in update_local()\n", $code;
385 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
386 my $query = "UPDATE borrowers\nSET " .
387 join(',', map {"$_=?"} @keys) .
388 "\nWHERE borrowernumber=? ";
389 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query);
391 print STDERR $query, "\n",
392 join "\n", map {"$_ = '" . $borrower->{$_} . "'"} @keys;
393 print STDERR "\nuserid = $userid\n";
396 ((map {$borrower->{$_}} @keys), $borrowerid)
399 # MODIFY PASSWORD/LOGIN if password was mapped
400 _do_changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $password) if exists( $borrower->{'password'} );
408 C4::Auth - Authenticates Koha users
412 use C4::Auth_with_ldap;
414 =head1 LDAP Configuration
416 This module is specific to LDAP authentification. It requires Net::LDAP package and one or more
417 working LDAP servers.
419 * Modify ldapserver element in KOHA_CONF
420 * Establish field mapping in <mapping> element.
422 For example, if your user records are stored according to the inetOrgPerson schema, RFC#2798,
423 the username would match the "uid" field, and the password should match the "userpassword" field.
425 Make sure that ALL required fields are populated by your LDAP database (and mapped in KOHA_CONF).
426 What are the required fields? Well, in mysql you can check the database table "borrowers" like this:
428 mysql> show COLUMNS from borrowers;
429 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
430 | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
431 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
432 | borrowernumber | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
433 | cardnumber | varchar(16) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
434 | surname | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
435 | firstname | text | YES | | NULL | |
436 | title | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
437 | othernames | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
438 | initials | text | YES | | NULL | |
439 | streetnumber | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
440 | streettype | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
441 | address | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
442 | address2 | text | YES | | NULL | |
443 | city | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
444 | state | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
445 | zipcode | varchar(25) | YES | | NULL | |
446 | country | text | YES | | NULL | |
447 | email | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
448 | phone | text | YES | | NULL | |
449 | mobile | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
450 | fax | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
451 | emailpro | text | YES | | NULL | |
452 | phonepro | text | YES | | NULL | |
453 | B_streetnumber | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
454 | B_streettype | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
455 | B_address | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
456 | B_address2 | text | YES | | NULL | |
457 | B_city | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
458 | B_state | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
459 | B_zipcode | varchar(25) | YES | | NULL | |
460 | B_country | text | YES | | NULL | |
461 | B_email | text | YES | | NULL | |
462 | B_phone | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
463 | dateofbirth | date | YES | | NULL | |
464 | branchcode | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
465 | categorycode | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
466 | dateenrolled | date | YES | | NULL | |
467 | dateexpiry | date | YES | | NULL | |
468 | gonenoaddress | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |
469 | lost | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |
470 | debarred | date | YES | | NULL | |
471 | debarredcomment | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
472 | contactname | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
473 | contactfirstname | text | YES | | NULL | |
474 | contacttitle | text | YES | | NULL | |
475 | borrowernotes | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
476 | relationship | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
477 | ethnicity | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
478 | ethnotes | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
479 | sex | varchar(1) | YES | | NULL | |
480 | password | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
481 | flags | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
482 | userid | varchar(30) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
483 | opacnote | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
484 | contactnote | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
485 | sort1 | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
486 | sort2 | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
487 | altcontactfirstname | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
488 | altcontactsurname | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
489 | altcontactaddress1 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
490 | altcontactaddress2 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
491 | altcontactaddress3 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
492 | altcontactstate | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
493 | altcontactzipcode | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
494 | altcontactcountry | text | YES | | NULL | |
495 | altcontactphone | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
496 | smsalertnumber | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
497 | privacy | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
498 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
499 66 rows in set (0.00 sec)
500 Where Null="NO", the field is required.
502 =head1 KOHA_CONF and field mapping
504 Example XML stanza for LDAP configuration in KOHA_CONF.
508 <useldapserver>1</useldapserver>
509 <!-- LDAP SERVER (optional) -->
510 <ldapserver id="ldapserver">
511 <hostname>localhost</hostname>
512 <base>dc=metavore,dc=com</base>
513 <user>cn=Manager,dc=metavore,dc=com</user> <!-- DN, if not anonymous -->
514 <pass>metavore</pass> <!-- password, if not anonymous -->
515 <replicate>1</replicate> <!-- add new users from LDAP to Koha database -->
516 <update>1</update> <!-- update existing users in Koha database -->
517 <auth_by_bind>0</auth_by_bind> <!-- set to 1 to authenticate by binding instead of
518 password comparison, e.g., to use Active Directory -->
519 <anonymous_bind>0</anonymous_bind> <!-- set to 1 if users should be searched using
520 an anonymous bind, even when auth_by_bind is on -->
521 <principal_name>%s@my_domain.com</principal_name>
522 <!-- optional, for auth_by_bind: a printf format to make userPrincipalName from koha userid.
523 Not used with anonymous_bind. -->
524 <update_password>1</update_password> <!-- set to 0 if you don't want LDAP passwords
525 synced to the local database -->
526 <mapping> <!-- match koha SQL field names to your LDAP record field names -->
527 <firstname is="givenname" ></firstname>
528 <surname is="sn" ></surname>
529 <address is="postaladdress" ></address>
530 <city is="l" >Athens, OH</city>
531 <zipcode is="postalcode" ></zipcode>
532 <branchcode is="branch" >MAIN</branchcode>
533 <userid is="uid" ></userid>
534 <password is="userpassword" ></password>
535 <email is="mail" ></email>
536 <categorycode is="employeetype" >PT</categorycode>
537 <phone is="telephonenumber"></phone>
542 The <mapping> subelements establish the relationship between mysql fields and LDAP attributes. The element name
543 is the column in mysql, with the "is" characteristic set to the LDAP attribute name. Optionally, any content
544 between the element tags is taken as the default value. In this example, the default categorycode is "PT" (for
549 Once a user has been accepted by the LDAP server, there are several possibilities for how Koha will behave, depending on
550 your configuration and the presence of a matching Koha user in your local DB:
553 OPTION UPDATE REPLICATE EXISTS? RESULT
554 A1 1 1 1 OK : We're updating them anyway.
555 A2 1 1 0 OK : We're adding them anyway.
556 B1 1 0 1 OK : We update them.
557 B2 1 0 0 FAIL: We cannot add new user.
558 C1 0 1 1 OK : We do nothing. (maybe should update password?)
559 C2 0 1 0 OK : We add the new user.
560 D1 0 0 1 OK : We do nothing. (maybe should update password?)
561 D2 0 0 0 FAIL: We cannot add new user.
563 Note: failure here just means that Koha will fallback to checking the local DB. That is, a given user could login with
564 their LDAP password OR their local one. If this is a problem, then you should enable update and supply a mapping for
565 password. Then the local value will be updated at successful LDAP login and the passwords will be synced.
567 If you choose NOT to update local users, the borrowers table will not be affected at all.
568 Note that this means that patron passwords may appear to change if LDAP is ever disabled, because
569 the local table never contained the LDAP values.
573 Binds as the user instead of retrieving their record. Recommended if update disabled.
575 =head2 principal_name
577 Provides an optional sprintf-style format for manipulating the userid before the bind.
578 Even though the userPrincipalName is one intended target, any uniquely identifying
579 attribute that the server allows to be used for binding could be used.
581 Currently, principal_name only operates when auth_by_bind is enabled.
583 =head2 update_password
585 If this tag is left out or set to a true value, then the user's LDAP password
586 will be stored (hashed) in the local Koha database. If you don't want this
587 to happen, then set the value of this to '0'. Note that if passwords are not
588 stored locally, and the connection to the LDAP system fails, then the users
589 will not be able to log in at all.
591 =head2 Active Directory
593 The auth_by_bind and principal_name settings are recommended for Active Directory.
595 Under default Active Directory rules, we cannot determine the distinguishedName attribute from the Koha userid as reliably as
596 we would typically under openldap. Instead of:
598 distinguishedName: CN=barnes.7,DC=my_company,DC=com
602 distinguishedName: CN=Barnes\, Jim,OU=Test Accounts,OU=User Accounts,DC=my_company,DC=com
604 Matching that would require us to know more info about the account (firstname, surname) and to include punctuation and whitespace
605 in Koha userids. But the userPrincipalName should be consistent, something like:
607 userPrincipalName: barnes.7@my_company.com
609 Therefore it is often easier to bind to Active Directory with userPrincipalName, effectively the
610 canonical email address for that user, or what it would be if email were enabled for them. If Koha userid values
611 will match the username portion of the userPrincipalName, and the domain suffix is the same for all users, then use principal_name
613 <principal_name>%s@core.my_company.com</principal_name>
615 The user of the previous example, barnes.7, would then attempt to bind as:
616 barnes.7@core.my_company.com
632 # For reference, here's an important difference in the data structure we rely on.
633 # ========================================
634 # Using attrs instead of {asn}->attributes
635 # ========================================
637 # LDAP key: ->{ cn} = ARRAY w/ 3 members.
638 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{ sss} = sss
639 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{ Steve Smith} = Steve Smith
640 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{Steve S. Smith} = Steve S. Smith
642 # LDAP key: ->{ givenname} = ARRAY w/ 1 members.
643 # LDAP key: ->{ givenname}->{Steve} = Steve