1 package Koha::SearchEngine::Elasticsearch::QueryBuilder;
3 # This file is part of Koha.
5 # Copyright 2014 Catalyst IT Ltd.
7 # Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10 # (at your option) any later version.
12 # Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 # GNU General Public License for more details.
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 # along with Koha; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
22 Koha::SearchEngine::Elasticsearch::QueryBuilder - constructs elasticsearch
23 query objects from user-supplied queries
27 This provides the functions that take a user-supplied search query, and
28 provides something that can be given to elasticsearch to get answers.
32 use Koha::SearchEngine::Elasticsearch;
33 $builder = Koha::SearchEngine::Elasticsearch->new();
34 my $simple_query = $builder->build_query("hello");
35 # This is currently undocumented because the original code is undocumented
36 my $adv_query = $builder->build_advanced_query($indexes, $operands, $operators);
42 use base qw(Class::Accessor);
44 use List::MoreUtils qw/ each_array /;
48 use Data::Dumper; # TODO remove
52 my $simple_query = $builder->build_query("hello", %options)
54 This will build a query that can be issued to elasticsearch from the provided
55 string input. This expects a lucene style search form (see
56 L<http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#query-string-syntax>
59 It'll make an attempt to respect the various query options.
61 Additional options can be provided with the C<%options> hash.
67 This should be an arrayref of hashrefs, each containing a C<field> and an
68 C<direction> (optional, defaults to C<asc>.) The results will be sorted
69 according to these values. Valid values for C<direction> are 'asc' and 'desc'.
76 my ( $self, $query, %options ) = @_;
78 my $stemming = C4::Context->preference("QueryStemming") || 0;
79 my $auto_truncation = C4::Context->preference("QueryAutoTruncate") || 0;
80 my $weight_fields = C4::Context->preference("QueryWeightFields") || 0;
81 my $fuzzy_enabled = C4::Context->preference("QueryFuzzy") || 0;
83 $query = '*' unless defined $query;
89 fuzziness => $fuzzy_enabled ? 'auto' : '0',
90 default_operator => "AND",
91 default_field => "_all",
95 if ( $options{sort} ) {
96 foreach my $sort ( @{ $options{sort} } ) {
97 my ( $f, $d ) = @$sort{qw/ field direction /};
98 die "Invalid sort direction, $d"
99 if $d && ( $d ne 'asc' && $d ne 'desc' );
100 $d = 'asc' unless $d;
102 # TODO account for fields that don't have a 'phrase' type
103 push @{ $res->{sort} }, { "$f.phrase" => { order => $d } };
107 # See _convert_facets in Search.pm for how these get turned into
108 # things that Koha can use.
110 author => { terms => { field => "author__facet" } },
111 subject => { terms => { field => "subject__facet" } },
112 itype => { terms => { field => "itype__facet" } },
117 =head2 build_browse_query
119 my $browse_query = $builder->build_browse_query($field, $query);
121 This performs a "starts with" style query on a particular field. The field
122 to be searched must have been indexed with an appropriate mapping as a
126 # XXX this isn't really a browse query like we want in the end
127 sub build_browse_query {
128 my ( $self, $field, $query ) = @_;
130 my $fuzzy_enabled = C4::Context->preference("QueryFuzzy") || 0;
132 return { query => '*' } if !defined $query;
134 # TODO this should come from Koha::Elasticsearch
135 my %field_whitelist = (
139 $field = 'title' if !exists $field_whitelist{$field};
143 match_phrase_prefix => {
147 fuzziness => $fuzzy_enabled ? 'auto' : '0',
151 sort => [ { "$field.phrase" => { order => "asc" } } ],
155 =head2 build_query_compat
158 $error, $query, $simple_query, $query_cgi,
159 $query_desc, $limit, $limit_cgi, $limit_desc,
160 $stopwords_removed, $query_type
162 = $builder->build_query_compat( \@operators, \@operands, \@indexes,
163 \@limits, \@sort_by, $scan, $lang );
165 This handles a search using the same api as L<C4::Search::buildQuery> does.
167 A very simple query will go in with C<$operands> set to ['query'], and
168 C<$sort_by> set to ['pubdate_dsc']. This simple case will return with
169 C<$query> set to something that can perform the search, C<$simple_query>
170 set to just the search term, C<$query_cgi> set to something that can
171 reproduce this search, and C<$query_desc> set to something else.
175 sub build_query_compat {
176 my ( $self, $operators, $operands, $indexes, $orig_limits, $sort_by, $scan,
180 #die Dumper ( $self, $operators, $operands, $indexes, $limits, $sort_by, $scan, $lang );
181 my @sort_params = $self->_convert_sort_fields(@$sort_by);
182 my @index_params = $self->_convert_index_fields(@$indexes);
183 my $limits = $self->_fix_limit_special_cases($orig_limits);
185 # Merge the indexes in with the search terms and the operands so that
186 # each search thing is a handy unit.
187 unshift @$operators, undef; # The first one can't have an op
189 my $ea = each_array( @$operands, @$operators, @index_params );
190 while ( my ( $oand, $otor, $index ) = $ea->() ) {
191 next if ( !defined($oand) || $oand eq '' );
192 push @search_params, {
193 operand => $self->_clean_search_term($oand), # the search terms
194 operator => defined($otor) ? uc $otor : undef, # AND and so on
195 $index ? %$index : (),
199 # We build a string query from limits and the queries. An alternative
200 # would be to pass them separately into build_query and let it build
201 # them into a structured ES query itself. Maybe later, though that'd be
203 my $query_str = join( ' AND ',
204 join( ' ', $self->_create_query_string(@search_params) ),
205 $self->_join_queries( $self->_convert_index_strings(@$limits) ) );
207 # If there's no query on the left, let's remove the junk left behind
208 $query_str =~ s/^ AND //;
210 $options{sort} = \@sort_params;
211 my $query = $self->build_query( $query_str, %options );
214 # We roughly emulate the CGI parameters of the zebra query builder
215 my $query_cgi = 'idx=kw&q=' . uri_escape( $operands->[0] ) if @$operands;
216 my $simple_query = $operands->[0] if @$operands == 1;
217 my $query_desc = $simple_query;
218 my $limit = 'and ' . join( ' and ', @$limits );
220 '&limit=' . join( '&limit=', map { uri_escape($_) } @$orig_limits );
221 my $limit_desc = "@$limits";
224 undef, $query, $simple_query, $query_cgi, $query_desc,
225 $limit, $limit_cgi, $limit_desc, undef, undef
229 =head2 build_authorities_query
231 my $query = $builder->build_authorities_query(\%search);
233 This takes a nice description of an authority search and turns it into a black-box
234 query that can then be passed to the appropriate searcher.
236 The search description is a hashref that looks something like:
241 where => 'Heading', # search the main entry
242 operator => 'exact', # require an exact match
243 value => 'frogs', # the search string
246 where => '', # search all entries
247 operator => '', # default keyword, right truncation
255 authtypecode => 'TOPIC_TERM',
260 sub build_authorities_query {
261 my ($self, $search) = @_;
263 # Start by making the query parts
266 foreach my $s ( @{ $search->{searches} } ) {
267 my ($wh, $op, $val) = $s->{'where', 'operator', 'value'};
269 if ($op eq 'is' || $op eq '=') {
270 # look for something that matches completely
271 # note, '=' is about numerical vals. May need special handling.
272 push @filter_parts, { term => { $wh => $val }};
273 } elsif ($op eq 'exact') {
274 # left and right truncation, otherwise an exact phrase
275 push @query_parts, { match_phrase => { $wh => $val }};
277 # regular wordlist stuff
279 push @query_parts, { match => { $wh => $val }};
282 # Merge the query and filter parts appropriately
283 # 'should' behaves like 'or', if we want 'and', use 'must'
284 my $query_part = { bool => { should => \@query_parts } };
285 my $filter_part = { bool => { should => \@filter_parts }};
288 $query = { query => { filtered => { filter => $filter_part, query => $query_part }}};
290 $query = { query => $query_part };
296 =head2 build_authorities_query_compat
299 $builder->build_authorities_query_compat( \@marclist, \@and_or,
300 \@excluding, \@operator, \@value, $authtypecode, $orderby );
302 This builds a query for searching for authorities.
310 An arrayref containing where the particular term should be searched for.
311 Options are: mainmainentry, mainentry, match, match-heading, see-from, and
312 thesaurus. If left blank, any field is used.
316 Totally ignored. It is never used in L<C4::AuthoritiesMarc::SearchAuthorities>.
324 What form of search to do. Options are: is (phrase, no trunction, whole field
325 must match), = (number exact match), exact (phrase, but with left and right
326 truncation). If left blank, then word list, right truncted, anywhere is used.
330 The actual user-provided string value to search for.
334 The authority type code to search within. If blank, then all will be searched.
338 The order to sort the results by. Options are Relevance, HeadingAsc,
339 HeadingDsc, AuthidAsc, AuthidDsc.
343 marclist, operator, and value must be the same length, and the values at
344 index /i/ all relate to each other.
346 This returns a query, which is a black box object that can be passed to the
347 appropriate search object.
351 sub build_authorities_query_compat {
352 my ( $self, $marclist, $and_or, $excluding, $operator, $value,
353 $authtypecode, $orderby )
356 # This turns the old-style many-options argument form into a more
357 # extensible hash form that is understood by L<build_authorities_query>.
360 my %koha_to_index_name = (
361 mainmainentry => 'Heading-Main',
362 mainentry => 'Heading',
364 'match-heading' => 'Match-heading',
365 'see-from' => 'Match-heading-see-from',
366 thesaurus => 'Subject-heading-thesaurus',
370 # Make sure everything exists
371 foreach my $m (@$marclist) {
372 confess "Invalid marclist field provided: $m" unless exists $koha_to_index_name{$m};
374 for ( my $i = 0 ; $i < @$value ; $i++ ) {
377 where => $marclist->[$i],
378 operator => $operator->[$i],
379 value => $value->[$i],
385 ( $orderby =~ /^Heading/ ) ? 'Heading'
386 : ( $orderby =~ /^Auth/ ) ? 'Local-Number'
389 my $sort_order = ( $orderby =~ /Asc$/ ) ? 'asc' : 'desc';
390 %sort = ( $orderby => $sort_order, );
393 searches => \@searches,
394 authtypecode => $authtypecode,
396 $search{sort} = \%sort if %sort;
397 my $query = $self->build_authorities_query( \%search );
401 =head2 _convert_sort_fields
403 my @sort_params = _convert_sort_fields(@sort_by)
405 Converts the zebra-style sort index information into elasticsearch-style.
407 C<@sort_by> is the same as presented to L<build_query_compat>, and it returns
408 something that can be sent to L<build_query>.
412 sub _convert_sort_fields {
413 my ( $self, @sort_by ) = @_;
415 # Turn the sorting into something we care about.
416 my %sort_field_convert = (
417 acqdate => 'acqdate',
419 call_number => 'callnum',
420 popularity => 'issues',
421 relevance => undef, # default
423 pubdate => 'pubdate',
425 my %sort_order_convert =
426 ( qw( dsc desc ), qw( asc asc ), qw( az asc ), qw( za desc ) );
428 # Convert the fields and orders, drop anything we don't know about.
429 grep { $_->{field} } map {
430 my ( $f, $d ) = split /_/;
432 field => $sort_field_convert{$f},
433 direction => $sort_order_convert{$d}
438 =head2 _convert_index_fields
440 my @index_params = $self->_convert_index_fields(@indexes);
442 Converts zebra-style search index notation into elasticsearch-style.
444 C<@indexes> is an array of index names, as presented to L<build_query_compat>,
445 and it returns something that can be sent to L<build_query>.
447 B<TODO>: this will pull from the elasticsearch mappings table to figure out
452 our %index_field_convert = (
458 'se' => 'title-series',
459 'callnum' => 'callnum',
460 'mc-itype' => 'itype',
462 'branch' => 'homebranch',
468 sub _convert_index_fields {
469 my ( $self, @indexes ) = @_;
471 my %index_type_convert =
472 ( __default => undef, phr => 'phrase', rtrn => 'right-truncate' );
474 # Convert according to our table, drop anything that doesn't convert
475 grep { $_->{field} } map {
476 my ( $f, $t ) = split /,/;
478 field => $index_field_convert{$f},
479 type => $index_type_convert{ $t // '__default' }
484 =head2 _convert_index_strings
486 my @searches = $self->_convert_index_strings(@searches);
488 Similar to L<_convert_index_fields>, this takes strings of the form
489 B<field:search term> and rewrites the field from zebra-style to
490 elasticsearch-style. Anything it doesn't understand is returned verbatim.
494 sub _convert_index_strings {
495 my ( $self, @searches ) = @_;
498 foreach my $s (@searches) {
500 my ( $field, $term ) = $s =~ /^\s*([\w,-]*?):(.*)/;
501 unless ( defined($field) && defined($term) ) {
505 my ($conv) = $self->_convert_index_fields($field);
506 unless ( defined($conv) ) {
510 push @res, $conv->{field} . ":"
511 . $self->_modify_string_by_type( %$conv, operand => $term );
516 =head2 _modify_string_by_type
518 my $str = $self->_modify_string_by_type(%index_field);
520 If you have a search term (operand) and a type (phrase, right-truncated), this
521 will convert the string to have the function in lucene search terms, e.g.
522 wrapping quotes around it.
526 sub _modify_string_by_type {
527 my ( $self, %idx ) = @_;
529 my $type = $idx{type} || '';
530 my $str = $idx{operand};
531 return $str unless $str; # Empty or undef, we can't use it.
533 $str .= '*' if $type eq 'right-truncate';
534 $str = '"' . $str . '"' if $type eq 'phrase';
538 =head2 _convert_index_strings_freeform
540 my $search = $self->_convert_index_strings_freeform($search);
542 This is similar to L<_convert_index_strings>, however it'll search out the
543 things to change within the string. So it can handle strings such as
544 C<(su:foo) AND (su:bar)>, converting the C<su> appropriately.
548 sub _convert_index_strings_freeform {
549 my ( $self, $search ) = @_;
551 while ( my ( $zeb, $es ) = each %index_field_convert ) {
552 $search =~ s/\b$zeb:/$es:/g;
559 my $query_str = $self->_join_queries(@query_parts);
561 This takes a list of query parts, that might be search terms on their own, or
562 booleaned together, or specifying fields, or whatever, wraps them in
563 parentheses, and ANDs them all together. Suitable for feeding to the ES
569 my ( $self, @parts ) = @_;
571 @parts = grep { defined($_) && $_ ne '' } @parts;
572 return () unless @parts;
573 return $parts[0] if @parts < 2;
574 join ' AND ', map { "($_)" } @parts;
579 my @phrased_queries = $self->_make_phrases(@query_parts);
581 This takes the supplied queries and forces them to be phrases by wrapping
582 quotes around them. It understands field prefixes, e.g. 'subject:' and puts
583 the quotes outside of them if they're there.
588 my ( $self, @parts ) = @_;
589 map { s/^\s*(\w*?:)(.*)$/$1"$2"/r } @parts;
592 =head2 _create_query_string
594 my @query_strings = $self->_create_query_string(@queries);
596 Given a list of hashrefs, it will turn them into a lucene-style query string.
597 The hash should contain field, type (both for the indexes), operator, and
602 sub _create_query_string {
603 my ( $self, @queries ) = @_;
606 my $otor = $_->{operator} ? $_->{operator} . ' ' : '';
607 my $field = $_->{field} ? $_->{field} . ':' : '';
609 my $oand = $self->_modify_string_by_type(%$_);
610 "$otor($field$oand)";
614 =head2 _clean_search_term
616 my $term = $self->_clean_search_term($term);
618 This cleans a search term by removing any funny characters that may upset
619 ES and give us an error. It also calls L<_convert_index_strings_freeform>
620 to ensure those parts are correct.
624 sub _clean_search_term {
625 my ( $self, $term ) = @_;
627 $term = $self->_convert_index_strings_freeform($term);
632 =head2 _fix_limit_special_cases
634 my $limits = $self->_fix_limit_special_cases($limits);
636 This converts any special cases that the limit specifications have into things
637 that are more readily processable by the rest of the code.
639 The argument should be an arrayref, and it'll return an arrayref.
643 sub _fix_limit_special_cases {
644 my ( $self, $limits ) = @_;
647 foreach my $l (@$limits) {
649 # This is set up by opac-search.pl
650 if ( $l =~ /^yr,st-numeric,ge=/ ) {
651 my ( $start, $end ) =
652 ( $l =~ /^yr,st-numeric,ge=(.*) and yr,st-numeric,le=(.*)$/ );
653 next unless defined($start) && defined($end);
654 push @new_lim, "copydate:[$start TO $end]";
656 elsif ( $l =~ /^yr,st-numeric=/ ) {
657 my ($date) = ( $l =~ /^yr,st-numeric=(.*)$/ );
658 next unless defined($date);
659 push @new_lim, "copydate:$date";
661 elsif ( $l =~ /^available$/ ) {
662 push @new_lim, 'onloan:false';