2 # NOTE: This file uses 8-character tabs; do not change the tab size!
6 # Copyright 2000-2002 Katipo Communications
8 # This file is part of Koha.
10 # Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
11 # terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
12 # Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
15 # Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
16 # WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
17 # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
19 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
20 # Koha; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place,
21 # Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
24 use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_base64);
28 use C4::Output; # to get the template
31 use C4::Branch; # GetBranches
34 # use Net::LDAP qw(:all);
36 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);
38 # set the version for version checking
39 $VERSION = do { my @v = '$Revision$' =~ /\d+/g;
40 shift(@v) . "." . join( "_", map { sprintf "%03d", $_ } @v );
45 C4::Auth - Authenticates Koha users
54 my ($template, $borrowernumber, $cookie)
55 = get_template_and_user({template_name => "opac-main.tmpl",
59 flagsrequired => {borrow => 1},
70 The main function of this module is to provide
71 authentification. However the get_template_and_user function has
72 been provided so that a users login information is passed along
73 automatically. This gets loaded into the template.
84 &get_template_and_user
87 =item get_template_and_user
89 my ($template, $borrowernumber, $cookie)
90 = get_template_and_user({template_name => "opac-main.tmpl",
94 flagsrequired => {borrow => 1},
97 This call passes the C<query>, C<flagsrequired> and C<authnotrequired>
98 to C<&checkauth> (in this module) to perform authentification.
99 See C<&checkauth> for an explanation of these parameters.
101 The C<template_name> is then used to find the correct template for
102 the page. The authenticated users details are loaded onto the
103 template in the HTML::Template LOOP variable C<USER_INFO>. Also the
104 C<sessionID> is passed to the template. This can be used in templates
105 if cookies are disabled. It needs to be put as and input to every
108 More information on the C<gettemplate> sub can be found in the
113 sub get_template_and_user {
116 gettemplate( $in->{'template_name'}, $in->{'type'}, $in->{'query'} );
117 my ( $user, $cookie, $sessionID, $flags ) = checkauth(
119 $in->{'authnotrequired'},
120 $in->{'flagsrequired'},
125 my $insecure = C4::Context->preference('insecure');
126 if ($user or $insecure) {
127 $template->param( loggedinusername => $user );
128 $template->param( sessionID => $sessionID );
130 $borrowernumber = getborrowernumber($user);
131 my ( $borr, $alternativeflags ) =
132 GetMemberDetails( $borrowernumber );
135 $template->param( "USER_INFO" => \@bordat );
137 # We are going to use the $flags returned by checkauth
138 # to create the template's parameters that will indicate
139 # which menus the user can access.
140 if (( $flags && $flags->{superlibrarian}==1) or $insecure==1) {
141 $template->param( CAN_user_circulate => 1 );
142 $template->param( CAN_user_catalogue => 1 );
143 $template->param( CAN_user_parameters => 1 );
144 $template->param( CAN_user_borrowers => 1 );
145 $template->param( CAN_user_permission => 1 );
146 $template->param( CAN_user_reserveforothers => 1 );
147 $template->param( CAN_user_borrow => 1 );
148 $template->param( CAN_user_editcatalogue => 1 );
149 $template->param( CAN_user_updatecharge => 1 );
150 $template->param( CAN_user_acquisition => 1 );
151 $template->param( CAN_user_management => 1 );
152 $template->param( CAN_user_tools => 1 );
153 $template->param( CAN_user_editauthorities => 1 );
154 $template->param( CAN_user_serials => 1 );
155 $template->param( CAN_user_reports => 1 );
158 if ( $flags && $flags->{circulate} == 1 ) {
159 $template->param( CAN_user_circulate => 1 );
162 if ( $flags && $flags->{catalogue} == 1 ) {
163 $template->param( CAN_user_catalogue => 1 );
166 if ( $flags && $flags->{parameters} == 1 ) {
167 $template->param( CAN_user_parameters => 1 );
168 $template->param( CAN_user_management => 1 );
171 if ( $flags && $flags->{borrowers} == 1 ) {
172 $template->param( CAN_user_borrowers => 1 );
175 if ( $flags && $flags->{permissions} == 1 ) {
176 $template->param( CAN_user_permission => 1 );
179 if ( $flags && $flags->{reserveforothers} == 1 ) {
180 $template->param( CAN_user_reserveforothers => 1 );
183 if ( $flags && $flags->{borrow} == 1 ) {
184 $template->param( CAN_user_borrow => 1 );
187 if ( $flags && $flags->{editcatalogue} == 1 ) {
188 $template->param( CAN_user_editcatalogue => 1 );
191 if ( $flags && $flags->{updatecharges} == 1 ) {
192 $template->param( CAN_user_updatecharge => 1 );
195 if ( $flags && $flags->{acquisition} == 1 ) {
196 $template->param( CAN_user_acquisition => 1 );
199 if ( $flags && $flags->{tools} == 1 ) {
200 $template->param( CAN_user_tools => 1 );
203 if ( $flags && $flags->{editauthorities} == 1 ) {
204 $template->param( CAN_user_editauthorities => 1 );
207 if ( $flags && $flags->{serials} == 1 ) {
208 $template->param( CAN_user_serials => 1 );
211 if ( $flags && $flags->{reports} == 1 ) {
212 $template->param( CAN_user_reports => 1 );
215 if ( $in->{'type'} eq "intranet" ) {
217 intranetcolorstylesheet =>
218 C4::Context->preference("intranetcolorstylesheet"),
219 intranetstylesheet => C4::Context->preference("intranetstylesheet"),
220 IntranetNav => C4::Context->preference("IntranetNav"),
221 intranetuserjs => C4::Context->preference("intranetuserjs"),
222 TemplateEncoding => C4::Context->preference("TemplateEncoding"),
223 AmazonContent => C4::Context->preference("AmazonContent"),
224 LibraryName => C4::Context->preference("LibraryName"),
225 LoginBranchname => (C4::Context->userenv?C4::Context->userenv->{"branchname"}:"insecure"),
226 AutoLocation => C4::Context->preference("AutoLocation"),
227 hide_marc => C4::Context->preference("hide_marc"),
228 patronimages => C4::Context->preference("patronimages"),
229 "BiblioDefaultView".C4::Context->preference("BiblioDefaultView") => 1,
233 warn "template type should be OPAC, here it is=[" . $in->{'type'} . "]"
234 unless ( $in->{'type'} eq 'opac' );
235 my $LibraryNameTitle = C4::Context->preference("LibraryName");
236 $LibraryNameTitle =~ s/<(?:\/?)(?:br|p)\s*(?:\/?)>/ /sgi;
237 $LibraryNameTitle =~ s/<(?:[^<>'"]|'(?:[^']*)'|"(?:[^"]*)")*>//sg;
239 suggestion => "" . C4::Context->preference("suggestion"),
240 virtualshelves => "" . C4::Context->preference("virtualshelves"),
241 OpacNav => "" . C4::Context->preference("OpacNav"),
242 opacheader => "" . C4::Context->preference("opacheader"),
243 opaccredits => "" . C4::Context->preference("opaccredits"),
244 opacsmallimage => "" . C4::Context->preference("opacsmallimage"),
245 opaclargeimage => "" . C4::Context->preference("opaclargeimage"),
246 opaclayoutstylesheet => "". C4::Context->preference("opaclayoutstylesheet"),
247 opaccolorstylesheet => "". C4::Context->preference("opaccolorstylesheet"),
248 opaclanguagesdisplay => "". C4::Context->preference("opaclanguagesdisplay"),
249 opacuserlogin => "" . C4::Context->preference("opacuserlogin"),
250 opacbookbag => "" . C4::Context->preference("opacbookbag"),
251 TemplateEncoding => "". C4::Context->preference("TemplateEncoding"),
252 AmazonContent => "" . C4::Context->preference("AmazonContent"),
253 LibraryName => "" . C4::Context->preference("LibraryName"),
254 LibraryNameTitle => "" . $LibraryNameTitle,
255 LoginBranchname => C4::Context->userenv?C4::Context->userenv->{"branchname"}:"",
256 OpacPasswordChange => C4::Context->preference("OpacPasswordChange"),
257 opacreadinghistory => C4::Context->preference("opacreadinghistory"),
258 opacuserjs => C4::Context->preference("opacuserjs"),
259 OpacCloud => C4::Context->preference("OpacCloud"),
260 OpacTopissue => C4::Context->preference("OpacTopissue"),
261 OpacAuthorities => C4::Context->preference("OpacAuthorities"),
262 OpacBrowser => C4::Context->preference("OpacBrowser"),
263 RequestOnOpac => C4::Context->preference("RequestOnOpac"),
264 reviewson => C4::Context->preference("reviewson"),
265 hide_marc => C4::Context->preference("hide_marc"),
266 patronimages => C4::Context->preference("patronimages"),
267 "BiblioDefaultView".C4::Context->preference("BiblioDefaultView") => 1,
270 return ( $template, $borrowernumber, $cookie );
275 ($userid, $cookie, $sessionID) = &checkauth($query, $noauth, $flagsrequired, $type);
277 Verifies that the user is authorized to run this script. If
278 the user is authorized, a (userid, cookie, session-id, flags)
279 quadruple is returned. If the user is not authorized but does
280 not have the required privilege (see $flagsrequired below), it
281 displays an error page and exits. Otherwise, it displays the
282 login page and exits.
284 Note that C<&checkauth> will return if and only if the user
285 is authorized, so it should be called early on, before any
286 unfinished operations (e.g., if you've opened a file, then
287 C<&checkauth> won't close it for you).
289 C<$query> is the CGI object for the script calling C<&checkauth>.
291 The C<$noauth> argument is optional. If it is set, then no
292 authorization is required for the script.
294 C<&checkauth> fetches user and session information from C<$query> and
295 ensures that the user is authorized to run scripts that require
298 The C<$flagsrequired> argument specifies the required privileges
299 the user must have if the username and password are correct.
300 It should be specified as a reference-to-hash; keys in the hash
301 should be the "flags" for the user, as specified in the Members
302 intranet module. Any key specified must correspond to a "flag"
303 in the userflags table. E.g., { circulate => 1 } would specify
304 that the user must have the "circulate" privilege in order to
305 proceed. To make sure that access control is correct, the
306 C<$flagsrequired> parameter must be specified correctly.
308 The C<$type> argument specifies whether the template should be
309 retrieved from the opac or intranet directory tree. "opac" is
310 assumed if it is not specified; however, if C<$type> is specified,
311 "intranet" is assumed if it is not "opac".
313 If C<$query> does not have a valid session ID associated with it
314 (i.e., the user has not logged in) or if the session has expired,
315 C<&checkauth> presents the user with a login page (from the point of
316 view of the original script, C<&checkauth> does not return). Once the
317 user has authenticated, C<&checkauth> restarts the original script
318 (this time, C<&checkauth> returns).
320 The login page is provided using a HTML::Template, which is set in the
321 systempreferences table or at the top of this file. The variable C<$type>
322 selects which template to use, either the opac or the intranet
323 authentification template.
325 C<&checkauth> returns a user ID, a cookie, and a session ID. The
326 cookie should be sent back to the browser; it verifies that the user
334 # $authnotrequired will be set for scripts which will run without authentication
335 my $authnotrequired = shift;
336 my $flagsrequired = shift;
338 $type = 'opac' unless $type;
340 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
341 # check that database and koha version are the same
342 unless (C4::Context->preference('Version')){
343 warn "Install required, redirecting to Installer";
344 print $query->redirect("/cgi-bin/koha/installer/install.pl");
347 if (C4::Context->preference('Version') < C4::Context->config("kohaversion")){
348 warn "Database update needed, redirecting to Installer. Database is ".C4::Context->preference('Version')." and Koha is : ".C4::Context->config("kohaversion");
349 print $query->redirect("/cgi-bin/koha/installer/install.pl?step=3");
352 my $timeout = C4::Context->preference('timeout');
353 $timeout = 600 unless $timeout;
356 if ( $type eq 'opac' ) {
357 $template_name = "opac-auth.tmpl";
360 $template_name = "auth.tmpl";
366 my ( $userid, $cookie, $sessionID, $flags, $envcookie );
367 my $logout = $query->param('logout.x');
368 if ( $userid = $ENV{'REMOTE_USER'} ) {
370 # Using Basic Authentication, no cookies required
371 $cookie = $query->cookie(
372 -name => 'sessionID',
378 elsif ( $sessionID = $query->cookie('sessionID') ) {
379 C4::Context->_new_userenv($sessionID);
380 if ( my %hash = $query->cookie('userenv') ) {
381 C4::Context::set_userenv(
382 $hash{number}, $hash{id},
383 $hash{cardnumber}, $hash{firstname},
384 $hash{surname}, $hash{branch},
385 $hash{branchname}, $hash{flags},
386 $hash{emailaddress}, $hash{branchprinter}
389 my ( $ip, $lasttime );
391 ( $userid, $ip, $lasttime ) =
392 $dbh->selectrow_array(
393 "SELECT userid,ip,lasttime FROM sessions WHERE sessionid=?",
397 # voluntary logout the user
398 $dbh->do( "DELETE FROM sessions WHERE sessionID=?",
400 C4::Context->_unset_userenv($sessionID);
403 open L, ">>/tmp/sessionlog";
404 my $time = localtime( time() );
405 printf L "%20s from %16s logged out at %30s (manually).\n", $userid,
410 if ( $lasttime < time() - $timeout ) {
413 $info{'timed_out'} = 1;
414 $dbh->do( "DELETE FROM sessions WHERE sessionID=?",
416 C4::Context->_unset_userenv($sessionID);
419 open L, ">>/tmp/sessionlog";
420 my $time = localtime( time() );
421 printf L "%20s from %16s logged out at %30s (inactivity).\n",
425 elsif ( $ip ne $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'} ) {
427 # Different ip than originally logged in from
428 $info{'oldip'} = $ip;
429 $info{'newip'} = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
430 $info{'different_ip'} = 1;
431 $dbh->do( "DELETE FROM sessions WHERE sessionID=?",
433 C4::Context->_unset_userenv($sessionID);
436 open L, ">>/tmp/sessionlog";
437 my $time = localtime( time() );
439 "%20s from logged out at %30s (ip changed from %16s to %16s).\n",
440 $userid, $time, $ip, $info{'newip'};
444 $cookie = $query->cookie(
445 -name => 'sessionID',
446 -value => $sessionID,
449 $dbh->do( "UPDATE sessions SET lasttime=? WHERE sessionID=?",
450 undef, ( time(), $sessionID ) );
451 $flags = haspermission( $dbh, $userid, $flagsrequired );
456 $info{'nopermission'} = 1;
462 $sessionID = int( rand() * 100000 ) . '-' . time();
463 $userid = $query->param('userid');
464 C4::Context->_new_userenv($sessionID);
465 my $password = $query->param('password');
466 C4::Context->_new_userenv($sessionID);
467 my ( $return, $cardnumber ) = checkpw( $dbh, $userid, $password );
469 $dbh->do( "DELETE FROM sessions WHERE sessionID=? AND userid=?",
470 undef, ( $sessionID, $userid ) );
472 "INSERT INTO sessions (sessionID, userid, ip,lasttime) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
474 ( $sessionID, $userid, $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}, time() )
476 open L, ">>/tmp/sessionlog";
477 my $time = localtime( time() );
478 printf L "%20s from %16s logged in at %30s.\n", $userid,
479 $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}, $time;
481 $cookie = $query->cookie(
482 -name => 'sessionID',
483 -value => $sessionID,
486 if ( $flags = haspermission( $dbh, $userid, $flagsrequired ) ) {
490 $info{'nopermission'} = 1;
491 C4::Context->_unset_userenv($sessionID);
493 if ( $return == 1 ) {
495 $borrowernumber, $firstname, $surname,
496 $userflags, $branchcode, $branchname,
497 $branchprinter, $emailaddress
501 "select borrowernumber, firstname, surname, flags, borrowers.branchcode, branches.branchname as branchname,branches.branchprinter as branchprinter, email from borrowers left join branches on borrowers.branchcode=branches.branchcode where userid=?"
503 $sth->execute($userid);
505 $borrowernumber, $firstname, $surname,
506 $userflags, $branchcode, $branchname,
507 $branchprinter, $emailaddress
512 # warn "$cardnumber,$borrowernumber,$userid,$firstname,$surname,$userflags,$branchcode,$emailaddress";
513 unless ( $sth->rows ) {
516 "select borrowernumber, firstname, surname, flags, borrowers.branchcode, branches.branchname as branchname, branches.branchprinter as branchprinter, email from borrowers left join branches on borrowers.branchcode=branches.branchcode where cardnumber=?"
518 $sth->execute($cardnumber);
520 $borrowernumber, $firstname, $surname,
521 $userflags, $branchcode, $branchname,
522 $branchprinter, $emailaddress
527 # warn "$cardnumber,$borrowernumber,$userid,$firstname,$surname,$userflags,$branchcode,$emailaddress";
528 unless ( $sth->rows ) {
529 $sth->execute($userid);
531 $borrowernumber, $firstname, $surname, $userflags,
532 $branchcode, $branchname, $branchprinter, $emailaddress
538 # warn "$cardnumber,$borrowernumber,$userid,$firstname,$surname,$userflags,$branchcode,$emailaddress";
541 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
543 # launch a sequence to check if we have a ip for the branch, if we have one we replace the branchcode of the userenv by the branch bound in the ip.
544 my $ip = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
545 my $branches = GetBranches();
547 foreach my $br ( keys %$branches ) {
549 # now we work with the treatment of ip
550 my $domain = $branches->{$br}->{'branchip'};
551 if ( $domain && $ip =~ /^$domain/ ) {
552 $branchcode = $branches->{$br}->{'branchcode'};
554 # new op dev : add the branchprinter and branchname in the cookie
555 $branchprinter = $branches->{$br}->{'branchprinter'};
556 $branchname = $branches->{$br}->{'branchname'};
559 my $hash = C4::Context::set_userenv(
560 $borrowernumber, $userid, $cardnumber,
561 $firstname, $surname, $branchcode,
562 $branchname, $userflags, $emailaddress,
566 $envcookie = $query->cookie(
572 elsif ( $return == 2 ) {
574 #We suppose the user is the superlibrarian
575 my $hash = C4::Context::set_userenv(
578 C4::Context->config('user'),
579 C4::Context->config('user'),
580 C4::Context->config('user'),
584 C4::Context->preference('KohaAdminEmailAddress')
586 $envcookie = $query->cookie(
595 $info{'invalid_username_or_password'} = 1;
596 C4::Context->_unset_userenv($sessionID);
600 my $insecure = C4::Context->boolean_preference('insecure');
602 # finished authentification, now respond
603 if ( $loggedin || $authnotrequired || ( defined($insecure) && $insecure ) )
608 $cookie = $query->cookie(
609 -name => 'sessionID',
615 return ( $userid, [ $cookie, $envcookie ], $sessionID, $flags );
618 return ( $userid, $cookie, $sessionID, $flags );
622 # else we have a problem...
623 # get the inputs from the incoming query
625 foreach my $name ( param $query) {
626 (next) if ( $name eq 'userid' || $name eq 'password' );
627 my $value = $query->param($name);
628 push @inputs, { name => $name, value => $value };
631 my $template = gettemplate( $template_name, $type, $query );
634 suggestion => C4::Context->preference("suggestion"),
635 virtualshelves => C4::Context->preference("virtualshelves"),
636 opaclargeimage => C4::Context->preference("opaclargeimage"),
637 LibraryName => C4::Context->preference("LibraryName"),
638 OpacNav => C4::Context->preference("OpacNav"),
639 opaccredits => C4::Context->preference("opaccredits"),
640 opacreadinghistory => C4::Context->preference("opacreadinghistory"),
641 opacsmallimage => C4::Context->preference("opacsmallimage"),
642 opaclayoutstylesheet => C4::Context->preference("opaclayoutstylesheet"),
643 opaccolorstylesheet => C4::Context->preference("opaccolorstylesheet"),
644 opaclanguagesdisplay => C4::Context->preference("opaclanguagesdisplay"),
645 opacuserjs => C4::Context->preference("opacuserjs"),
647 intranetcolorstylesheet =>
648 C4::Context->preference("intranetcolorstylesheet"),
649 intranetstylesheet => C4::Context->preference("intranetstylesheet"),
650 IntranetNav => C4::Context->preference("IntranetNav"),
651 intranetuserjs => C4::Context->preference("intranetuserjs"),
652 TemplateEncoding => C4::Context->preference("TemplateEncoding"),
655 $template->param( loginprompt => 1 ) unless $info{'nopermission'};
657 my $self_url = $query->url( -absolute => 1 );
660 LibraryName => => C4::Context->preference("LibraryName"),
662 $template->param( \%info );
663 $cookie = $query->cookie(
664 -name => 'sessionID',
665 -value => $sessionID,
668 print $query->header(
678 my ( $dbh, $userid, $password ) = @_;
683 "select password,cardnumber,borrowernumber,userid,firstname,surname,branchcode,flags from borrowers where userid=?"
685 $sth->execute($userid);
687 my ( $md5password, $cardnumber, $borrowernumber, $userid, $firstname,
688 $surname, $branchcode, $flags )
690 if ( md5_base64($password) eq $md5password ) {
692 C4::Context->set_userenv( "$borrowernumber", $userid, $cardnumber,
693 $firstname, $surname, $branchcode, $flags );
694 return 1, $cardnumber;
699 "select password,cardnumber,borrowernumber,userid, firstname,surname,branchcode,flags from borrowers where cardnumber=?"
701 $sth->execute($userid);
703 my ( $md5password, $cardnumber, $borrowernumber, $userid, $firstname,
704 $surname, $branchcode, $flags )
706 if ( md5_base64($password) eq $md5password ) {
708 C4::Context->set_userenv( $borrowernumber, $userid, $cardnumber,
709 $firstname, $surname, $branchcode, $flags );
713 if ( $userid && $userid eq C4::Context->config('user')
714 && "$password" eq C4::Context->config('pass') )
717 # Koha superuser account
718 # C4::Context->set_userenv(0,0,C4::Context->config('user'),C4::Context->config('user'),C4::Context->config('user'),"",1);
721 if ( $userid && $userid eq 'demo'
722 && "$password" eq 'demo'
723 && C4::Context->config('demo') )
726 # DEMO => the demo user is allowed to do everything (if demo set to 1 in koha.conf
727 # some features won't be effective : modify systempref, modify MARC structure,
734 my $cardnumber = shift;
737 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT flags FROM borrowers WHERE cardnumber=?");
738 $sth->execute($cardnumber);
739 my ($flags) = $sth->fetchrow;
740 $flags = 0 unless $flags;
741 $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT bit, flag, defaulton FROM userflags");
744 while ( my ( $bit, $flag, $defaulton ) = $sth->fetchrow ) {
745 if ( ( $flags & ( 2**$bit ) ) || $defaulton ) {
746 $userflags->{$flag} = 1;
749 $userflags->{$flag} = 0;
756 my ( $dbh, $userid, $flagsrequired ) = @_;
757 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cardnumber FROM borrowers WHERE userid=?");
758 $sth->execute($userid);
759 my ($cardnumber) = $sth->fetchrow;
760 ($cardnumber) || ( $cardnumber = $userid );
761 my $flags = getuserflags( $cardnumber, $dbh );
763 if ( $userid eq C4::Context->config('user') ) {
765 # Super User Account from /etc/koha.conf
766 $flags->{'superlibrarian'} = 1;
768 if ( $userid eq 'demo' && C4::Context->config('demo') ) {
770 # Demo user that can do "anything" (demo=1 in /etc/koha.conf)
771 $flags->{'superlibrarian'} = 1;
773 return $flags if $flags->{superlibrarian};
774 foreach ( keys %$flagsrequired ) {
775 return $flags if $flags->{$_};
780 sub getborrowernumber {
782 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
783 for my $field ( 'userid', 'cardnumber' ) {
785 $dbh->prepare("select borrowernumber from borrowers where $field=?");
786 $sth->execute($userid);
788 my ($bnumber) = $sth->fetchrow;
795 END { } # module clean-up code here (global destructor)