1 package C4::Auth_with_ldap;
3 # Copyright 2000-2002 Katipo Communications
5 # This file is part of Koha.
7 # Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10 # (at your option) any later version.
12 # Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 # GNU General Public License for more details.
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 # along with Koha; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
25 use C4::Members::Attributes;
26 use C4::Members::Messaging;
27 use C4::Auth qw(checkpw_internal);
29 use Koha::AuthUtils qw(hash_password);
30 use List::MoreUtils qw( any );
32 use Net::LDAP::Filter;
34 use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS $debug);
39 @EXPORT = qw( checkpw_ldap );
42 # Redefine checkpw_ldap:
43 # connect to LDAP (named or anonymous)
44 # ~ retrieves $userid from KOHA_CONF mapping
45 # ~ then compares $password with userPassword
46 # ~ then gets the LDAP entry
47 # ~ and calls the memberadd if necessary
49 sub ldapserver_error {
50 return sprintf('No ldapserver "%s" defined in KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF}, shift);
53 use vars qw($mapping @ldaphosts $base $ldapname $ldappassword);
54 my $context = C4::Context->new() or die 'C4::Context->new failed';
55 my $ldap = C4::Context->config("ldapserver") or die 'No "ldapserver" in server hash from KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF};
56 my $prefhost = $ldap->{hostname} or die ldapserver_error('hostname');
57 my $base = $ldap->{base} or die ldapserver_error('base');
58 $ldapname = $ldap->{user} ;
59 $ldappassword = $ldap->{pass} ;
60 our %mapping = %{$ldap->{mapping}}; # FIXME dpavlin -- don't die because of || (); from 6eaf8511c70eb82d797c941ef528f4310a15e9f9
61 my @mapkeys = keys %mapping;
62 $debug and print STDERR "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys ( total ): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
63 @mapkeys = grep {defined $mapping{$_}->{is}} @mapkeys;
64 $debug and print STDERR "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys (populated): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
66 my %categorycode_conversions;
67 my $default_categorycode;
68 if(defined $ldap->{categorycode_mapping}) {
69 $default_categorycode = $ldap->{categorycode_mapping}->{default};
70 foreach my $cat (@{$ldap->{categorycode_mapping}->{categorycode}}) {
71 $categorycode_conversions{$cat->{value}} = $cat->{content};
76 anonymous => defined ($ldap->{anonymous_bind}) ? $ldap->{anonymous_bind} : 1,
77 replicate => defined($ldap->{replicate}) ? $ldap->{replicate} : 1, # add from LDAP to Koha database for new user
78 update => defined($ldap->{update} ) ? $ldap->{update} : 1, # update from LDAP to Koha database for existing user
82 my $result = shift or return;
83 return "LDAP error #" . $result->code
84 . ": " . $result->error_name . "\n"
85 . "# " . $result->error_text . "\n";
89 my $db = shift or return;
90 my $userid = shift or return;
91 my $uid_field = $mapping{userid}->{is} or die ldapserver_error("mapping for 'userid'");
92 my $filter = Net::LDAP::Filter->new("$uid_field=$userid") or die "Failed to create new Net::LDAP::Filter";
93 my $search = $db->search(
98 die "LDAP search failed to return object : " . $search->error if $search->code;
100 my $count = $search->count;
101 if ($search->code > 0) {
102 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : %s gets %d hits\n", $filter->as_string, $count) . description($search);
106 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : search with filter '%s' returns no hit\n", $filter->as_string);
113 my ($dbh, $userid, $password) = @_;
114 my @hosts = split(',', $prefhost);
115 my $db = Net::LDAP->new(\@hosts);
117 warn "LDAP connexion failed";
121 #$debug and $db->debug(5);
124 # first, LDAP authentication
125 if ( $ldap->{auth_by_bind} ) {
127 if ( $config{anonymous} ) {
129 # Perform an anonymous bind
132 warn "Anonymous LDAP bind failed: " . description($res);
136 # Perform a LDAP search for the given username
137 my $search = search_method( $db, $userid )
138 or return 0; # warnings are in the sub
139 $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
140 $principal_name = $userldapentry->dn;
143 $principal_name = $ldap->{principal_name};
144 if ( $principal_name and $principal_name =~ /\%/ ) {
145 $principal_name = sprintf( $principal_name, $userid );
148 $principal_name = $userid;
152 # Perform a LDAP bind for the given username using the matched DN
153 my $res = $db->bind( $principal_name, password => $password );
155 if ( $config{anonymous} ) {
156 # With anonymous_bind approach we can be sure we have found the correct user
157 # and that any 'code' response indicates a 'bad' user (be that blocked, banned
158 # or password changed). We should not fall back to local accounts in this case.
159 warn "LDAP bind failed as kohauser $userid: " . description($res);
162 # Without a anonymous_bind, we cannot be sure we are looking at a valid ldap user
163 # at all, and thus we should fall back to local logins to restore previous behaviour
165 warn "LDAP bind failed as kohauser $userid: " . description($res);
169 if ( !defined($userldapentry)
170 && ( $config{update} or $config{replicate} ) )
172 my $search = search_method( $db, $userid ) or return 0;
173 $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
176 my $res = ($config{anonymous}) ? $db->bind : $db->bind($ldapname, password=>$ldappassword);
177 if ($res->code) { # connection refused
178 warn "LDAP bind failed as ldapuser " . ($ldapname || '[ANONYMOUS]') . ": " . description($res);
181 my $search = search_method($db, $userid) or return 0; # warnings are in the sub
182 # Handle multiple branches. Same login exists several times in different branches.
184 while (my $entry = $search->shift_entry) {
185 my $user_ldap_bind_ret = $db->bind($entry->dn, password => $password);
186 unless ($user_ldap_bind_ret->code) {
187 $userldapentry = $entry;
194 warn "LDAP Auth rejected : invalid password for user '$userid'.";
201 # To get here, LDAP has accepted our user's login attempt.
202 # But we still have work to do. See perldoc below for detailed breakdown.
205 my ($borrowernumber,$cardnumber,$local_userid,$savedpw) = exists_local($userid);
207 if (( $borrowernumber and $config{update} ) or
208 (!$borrowernumber and $config{replicate}) ) {
209 %borrower = ldap_entry_2_hash($userldapentry,$userid);
210 $debug and print STDERR "checkpw_ldap received \%borrower w/ " . keys(%borrower), " keys: ", join(' ', keys %borrower), "\n";
213 if ($borrowernumber) {
214 if ($config{update}) { # A1, B1
215 my $c2 = &update_local($local_userid,$password,$borrowernumber,\%borrower) || '';
216 ($cardnumber eq $c2) or warn "update_local returned cardnumber '$c2' instead of '$cardnumber'";
218 # maybe update just the password?
219 return(1, $cardnumber, $local_userid);
221 } elsif ($config{replicate}) { # A2, C2
222 my @columns = Koha::Patrons->columns;
223 my $patron = Koha::Patron->new(
225 map { exists( $borrower{$_} ) ? ( $_ => $borrower{$_} ) : () } @columns
228 die "Insert of new patron failed" unless $patron;
229 $borrowernumber = $patron->borrowernumber;
230 C4::Members::Messaging::SetMessagingPreferencesFromDefaults( { borrowernumber => $borrowernumber, categorycode => $borrower{'categorycode'} } );
234 if (C4::Context->preference('ExtendedPatronAttributes') && $borrowernumber && ($config{update} ||$config{replicate})) {
235 my $attribute_types = Koha::Patron::Attribute::Types->filter_by_branch_limitations;
236 while ( my $attribute_type = $attribute_types->next ) {
237 my $code = $attribute_type->code;
238 unless (exists($borrower{$code}) && $borrower{$code} !~ m/^\s*$/ ) {
241 my $patron = Koha::Patrons->find($borrowernumber);
242 if ( $patron ) { # Should not be needed, but we are in C4::Auth LDAP...
244 my $attribute = Koha::Patron::Attribute->new({code => $code, attribute => $borrower{$code}});
245 $patron->extended_attributes([$attribute]);
247 if ($@) { # FIXME Test if Koha::Exceptions::Patron::Attribute::NonRepeatable
248 warn "ERROR_extended_unique_id_failed $code $borrower{$code}";
253 return(1, $cardnumber, $userid);
256 # Pass LDAP entry object and local cardnumber (userid).
257 # Returns borrower hash.
258 # Edit KOHA_CONF so $memberhash{'xxx'} fits your ldap structure.
259 # Ensure that mandatory fields are correctly filled!
261 sub ldap_entry_2_hash {
262 my $userldapentry = shift;
263 my %borrower = ( cardnumber => shift );
265 $userldapentry->exists('uid'); # This is bad, but required! By side-effect, this initializes the attrs hash.
267 foreach (keys %$userldapentry) {
268 print STDERR "\n\nLDAP key: $_\t", sprintf('(%s)', ref $userldapentry->{$_}), "\n";
271 my $x = $userldapentry->{attrs} or return;
273 $memberhash{$_} = join ' ', @{$x->{$_}};
274 $debug and print STDERR sprintf("building \$memberhash{%s} = ", $_, join(' ', @{$x->{$_}})), "\n";
276 $debug and print STDERR "Finsihed \%memberhash has ", scalar(keys %memberhash), " keys\n",
277 "Referencing \%mapping with ", scalar(keys %mapping), " keys\n";
278 foreach my $key (keys %mapping) {
279 my $data = $memberhash{ lc($mapping{$key}->{is}) }; # Net::LDAP returns all names in lowercase
280 $debug and printf STDERR "mapping %20s ==> %-20s (%s)\n", $key, $mapping{$key}->{is}, $data;
281 unless (defined $data) {
282 $data = $mapping{$key}->{content} || undef;
284 $borrower{$key} = $data;
286 $borrower{initials} = $memberhash{initials} ||
287 ( substr($borrower{'firstname'},0,1)
288 . substr($borrower{ 'surname' },0,1)
291 # categorycode conversions
292 if(defined $categorycode_conversions{$borrower{categorycode}}) {
293 $borrower{categorycode} = $categorycode_conversions{$borrower{categorycode}};
295 elsif($default_categorycode) {
296 $borrower{categorycode} = $default_categorycode;
299 # check if categorycode exists, if not, fallback to default from koha-conf.xml
300 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
301 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT categorycode FROM categories WHERE categorycode = ?");
302 $sth->execute( uc($borrower{'categorycode'}) );
303 unless ( my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref ) {
304 my $default = $mapping{'categorycode'}->{content};
305 $debug && warn "Can't find ", $borrower{'categorycode'}, " default to: $default for ", $borrower{userid};
306 $borrower{'categorycode'} = $default
314 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
315 my $select = "SELECT borrowernumber,cardnumber,userid,password FROM borrowers ";
317 my $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE userid=?"); # was cardnumber=?
319 $debug and printf STDERR "Userid '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
320 ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
322 $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE cardnumber=?");
324 $debug and printf STDERR "Cardnumber '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
325 ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
329 # This function performs a password update, given the userid, borrowerid,
330 # and digested password. It will verify that things are correct and return the
331 # borrowers cardnumber. The idea is that it is used to keep the local
332 # passwords in sync with the LDAP passwords.
334 # $cardnum = _do_changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $digest)
336 # Note: if the LDAP config has the update_password tag set to a false value,
337 # then this will not update the password, it will simply return the cardnumber.
338 sub _do_changepassword {
339 my ($userid, $borrowerid, $password) = @_;
341 if ( exists( $ldap->{update_password} ) && !$ldap->{update_password} ) {
343 # We don't store the password in the database
344 my $sth = C4::Context->dbh->prepare(
345 'SELECT cardnumber FROM borrowers WHERE borrowernumber=?');
346 $sth->execute($borrowerid);
347 die "Unable to access borrowernumber "
348 . "with userid=$userid, "
349 . "borrowernumber=$borrowerid"
351 my ($cardnum) = $sth->fetchrow;
352 $sth = C4::Context->dbh->prepare(
353 'UPDATE borrowers SET password = null WHERE borrowernumber=?');
354 $sth->execute($borrowerid);
358 my $digest = hash_password($password);
359 $debug and print STDERR "changing local password for borrowernumber=$borrowerid to '$digest'\n";
360 Koha::Patrons->find($borrowerid)->set_password({ password => $password, skip_validation => 1 });
362 my ($ok, $cardnum) = checkpw_internal(C4::Context->dbh, $userid, $password);
363 return $cardnum if $ok;
365 warn "Password mismatch after update to borrowernumber=$borrowerid";
370 my $userid = shift or croak "No userid";
371 my $password = shift or croak "No password";
372 my $borrowerid = shift or croak "No borrowerid";
373 my $borrower = shift or croak "No borrower record";
375 # skip extended patron attributes in 'borrowers' attribute update
376 my @keys = keys %$borrower;
377 if (C4::Context->preference('ExtendedPatronAttributes')) {
378 my $attribute_types = Koha::Patron::Attribute::Types->filter_by_branch_limitations;
379 while ( my $attribute_type = $attribute_types->next ) {
380 my $code = $attribute_type->code;
381 @keys = grep { $_ ne $code } @keys;
382 $debug and printf STDERR "ignoring extended patron attribute '%s' in update_local()\n", $code;
386 my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
387 my $query = "UPDATE borrowers\nSET " .
388 join(',', map {"$_=?"} @keys) .
389 "\nWHERE borrowernumber=? ";
390 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query);
392 print STDERR $query, "\n",
393 join "\n", map {"$_ = '" . $borrower->{$_} . "'"} @keys;
394 print STDERR "\nuserid = $userid\n";
397 ((map {$borrower->{$_}} @keys), $borrowerid)
400 # MODIFY PASSWORD/LOGIN if password was mapped
401 _do_changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $password) if exists( $borrower->{'password'} );
409 C4::Auth - Authenticates Koha users
413 use C4::Auth_with_ldap;
415 =head1 LDAP Configuration
417 This module is specific to LDAP authentification. It requires Net::LDAP package and one or more
418 working LDAP servers.
420 * Modify ldapserver element in KOHA_CONF
421 * Establish field mapping in <mapping> element.
423 For example, if your user records are stored according to the inetOrgPerson schema, RFC#2798,
424 the username would match the "uid" field, and the password should match the "userpassword" field.
426 Make sure that ALL required fields are populated by your LDAP database (and mapped in KOHA_CONF).
427 What are the required fields? Well, in mysql you can check the database table "borrowers" like this:
429 mysql> show COLUMNS from borrowers;
430 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
431 | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
432 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
433 | borrowernumber | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
434 | cardnumber | varchar(16) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
435 | surname | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
436 | firstname | text | YES | | NULL | |
437 | title | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
438 | othernames | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
439 | initials | text | YES | | NULL | |
440 | streetnumber | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
441 | streettype | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
442 | address | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
443 | address2 | text | YES | | NULL | |
444 | city | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
445 | state | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
446 | zipcode | varchar(25) | YES | | NULL | |
447 | country | text | YES | | NULL | |
448 | email | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
449 | phone | text | YES | | NULL | |
450 | mobile | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
451 | fax | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
452 | emailpro | text | YES | | NULL | |
453 | phonepro | text | YES | | NULL | |
454 | B_streetnumber | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
455 | B_streettype | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
456 | B_address | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
457 | B_address2 | text | YES | | NULL | |
458 | B_city | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
459 | B_state | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
460 | B_zipcode | varchar(25) | YES | | NULL | |
461 | B_country | text | YES | | NULL | |
462 | B_email | text | YES | | NULL | |
463 | B_phone | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
464 | dateofbirth | date | YES | | NULL | |
465 | branchcode | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
466 | categorycode | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
467 | dateenrolled | date | YES | | NULL | |
468 | dateexpiry | date | YES | | NULL | |
469 | gonenoaddress | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |
470 | lost | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |
471 | debarred | date | YES | | NULL | |
472 | debarredcomment | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
473 | contactname | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
474 | contactfirstname | text | YES | | NULL | |
475 | contacttitle | text | YES | | NULL | |
476 | borrowernotes | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
477 | relationship | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
478 | ethnicity | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
479 | ethnotes | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
480 | sex | varchar(1) | YES | | NULL | |
481 | password | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
482 | flags | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
483 | userid | varchar(30) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
484 | opacnote | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
485 | contactnote | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
486 | sort1 | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
487 | sort2 | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
488 | altcontactfirstname | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
489 | altcontactsurname | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
490 | altcontactaddress1 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
491 | altcontactaddress2 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
492 | altcontactaddress3 | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
493 | altcontactstate | mediumtext | YES | | NULL | |
494 | altcontactzipcode | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
495 | altcontactcountry | text | YES | | NULL | |
496 | altcontactphone | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
497 | smsalertnumber | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
498 | privacy | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
499 +---------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
500 66 rows in set (0.00 sec)
501 Where Null="NO", the field is required.
503 =head1 KOHA_CONF and field mapping
505 Example XML stanza for LDAP configuration in KOHA_CONF.
509 <useldapserver>1</useldapserver>
510 <!-- LDAP SERVER (optional) -->
511 <ldapserver id="ldapserver">
512 <hostname>localhost</hostname>
513 <base>dc=metavore,dc=com</base>
514 <user>cn=Manager,dc=metavore,dc=com</user> <!-- DN, if not anonymous -->
515 <pass>metavore</pass> <!-- password, if not anonymous -->
516 <replicate>1</replicate> <!-- add new users from LDAP to Koha database -->
517 <update>1</update> <!-- update existing users in Koha database -->
518 <auth_by_bind>0</auth_by_bind> <!-- set to 1 to authenticate by binding instead of
519 password comparison, e.g., to use Active Directory -->
520 <anonymous_bind>0</anonymous_bind> <!-- set to 1 if users should be searched using
521 an anonymous bind, even when auth_by_bind is on -->
522 <principal_name>%s@my_domain.com</principal_name>
523 <!-- optional, for auth_by_bind: a printf format to make userPrincipalName from koha userid.
524 Not used with anonymous_bind. -->
525 <update_password>1</update_password> <!-- set to 0 if you don't want LDAP passwords
526 synced to the local database -->
527 <mapping> <!-- match koha SQL field names to your LDAP record field names -->
528 <firstname is="givenname" ></firstname>
529 <surname is="sn" ></surname>
530 <address is="postaladdress" ></address>
531 <city is="l" >Athens, OH</city>
532 <zipcode is="postalcode" ></zipcode>
533 <branchcode is="branch" >MAIN</branchcode>
534 <userid is="uid" ></userid>
535 <password is="userpassword" ></password>
536 <email is="mail" ></email>
537 <categorycode is="employeetype" >PT</categorycode>
538 <phone is="telephonenumber"></phone>
543 The <mapping> subelements establish the relationship between mysql fields and LDAP attributes. The element name
544 is the column in mysql, with the "is" characteristic set to the LDAP attribute name. Optionally, any content
545 between the element tags is taken as the default value. In this example, the default categorycode is "PT" (for
550 Once a user has been accepted by the LDAP server, there are several possibilities for how Koha will behave, depending on
551 your configuration and the presence of a matching Koha user in your local DB:
554 OPTION UPDATE REPLICATE EXISTS? RESULT
555 A1 1 1 1 OK : We're updating them anyway.
556 A2 1 1 0 OK : We're adding them anyway.
557 B1 1 0 1 OK : We update them.
558 B2 1 0 0 FAIL: We cannot add new user.
559 C1 0 1 1 OK : We do nothing. (maybe should update password?)
560 C2 0 1 0 OK : We add the new user.
561 D1 0 0 1 OK : We do nothing. (maybe should update password?)
562 D2 0 0 0 FAIL: We cannot add new user.
564 Note: failure here just means that Koha will fallback to checking the local DB. That is, a given user could login with
565 their LDAP password OR their local one. If this is a problem, then you should enable update and supply a mapping for
566 password. Then the local value will be updated at successful LDAP login and the passwords will be synced.
568 If you choose NOT to update local users, the borrowers table will not be affected at all.
569 Note that this means that patron passwords may appear to change if LDAP is ever disabled, because
570 the local table never contained the LDAP values.
574 Binds as the user instead of retrieving their record. Recommended if update disabled.
576 =head2 principal_name
578 Provides an optional sprintf-style format for manipulating the userid before the bind.
579 Even though the userPrincipalName is one intended target, any uniquely identifying
580 attribute that the server allows to be used for binding could be used.
582 Currently, principal_name only operates when auth_by_bind is enabled.
584 =head2 update_password
586 If this tag is left out or set to a true value, then the user's LDAP password
587 will be stored (hashed) in the local Koha database. If you don't want this
588 to happen, then set the value of this to '0'. Note that if passwords are not
589 stored locally, and the connection to the LDAP system fails, then the users
590 will not be able to log in at all.
592 =head2 Active Directory
594 The auth_by_bind and principal_name settings are recommended for Active Directory.
596 Under default Active Directory rules, we cannot determine the distinguishedName attribute from the Koha userid as reliably as
597 we would typically under openldap. Instead of:
599 distinguishedName: CN=barnes.7,DC=my_company,DC=com
603 distinguishedName: CN=Barnes\, Jim,OU=Test Accounts,OU=User Accounts,DC=my_company,DC=com
605 Matching that would require us to know more info about the account (firstname, surname) and to include punctuation and whitespace
606 in Koha userids. But the userPrincipalName should be consistent, something like:
608 userPrincipalName: barnes.7@my_company.com
610 Therefore it is often easier to bind to Active Directory with userPrincipalName, effectively the
611 canonical email address for that user, or what it would be if email were enabled for them. If Koha userid values
612 will match the username portion of the userPrincipalName, and the domain suffix is the same for all users, then use principal_name
614 <principal_name>%s@core.my_company.com</principal_name>
616 The user of the previous example, barnes.7, would then attempt to bind as:
617 barnes.7@core.my_company.com
633 # For reference, here's an important difference in the data structure we rely on.
634 # ========================================
635 # Using attrs instead of {asn}->attributes
636 # ========================================
638 # LDAP key: ->{ cn} = ARRAY w/ 3 members.
639 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{ sss} = sss
640 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{ Steve Smith} = Steve Smith
641 # LDAP key: ->{ cn}->{Steve S. Smith} = Steve S. Smith
643 # LDAP key: ->{ givenname} = ARRAY w/ 1 members.
644 # LDAP key: ->{ givenname}->{Steve} = Steve